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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in a standing wave

C. Affolderbach, Svenja A. Knappe, R. Wynands, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Mar 29, 2002• 69 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A thermal vapor of three-level atoms irradiated by two copropagating laser beams of suitable frequencies exhibits the phenomenon of coherent population trapping, leading to an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). When a mirror reflects the beams back onto themselves one finds that depending on the position along the resulting standing wave the fluorescence intensity from the sample (cesium in our case) decreases (EIT) or even increases [electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA)] with a period on the centimeter scale. An intuitive picture is based on the interference of coherent dark states but the explanation of the EIA effect requires consideration of Doppler effects in the thermal vapor. This allows for a quantitative comparison between experimental and calculated results.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.043810

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Electromagnetically induced absorption in a four-state system

А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•May 12, 2000•0 citations

Electromagnetically Induced Absorption of Degenerate Two-Level System in a Cesium Vapor Cell

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Employing an intense laser field coupling to the degenerate two-level system of cesium 6 2S_ 1/2(F=4)- 6 2P_ 3/2(F′=5) transition in a cesium vapor cell, electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra, at the same time, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of V-type three-level scheme has been demonstrated on the F=4-F′=3 and F=4-F′=4 transition frequency. The EIA is affected by the intensity and detuning of the coupling laser. By analyzing the effect of optical pumping between Zeeman sub-levels on the EIA and the coherent interactions between multiple degenerate two-level atoms, it is shown that the optical pumping affects the population of different Zeeman sub-levels and the number of the involved two-level atoms, the coherent time between the sub-levels is then changed and the linewidth and intensity of the EIA are affected accordingly.

Chinese Journal of Lasers•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations

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When the strong-coupling laser beam is replaced by a standing wave under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level atomic vapour, an electromagnetically induced absorption grating is formed. The weak probe beam in this EIT system is partially reflected by this absorption grating under certain conditions. The dependences of reflection signals on frequency detuning and coupling laser power are presented.

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Electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency in a ladder-type atomic system with different dressing mechanisms

Hao-Wei Ti, X. Q Yan, H P Liu +6 more

In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type Rubidium atomic system [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and transparency (EIT) in two schemes of two coupling lasers with different propagation directions are comprehensively studied. Two coupling fields are entangled tightly with each other and induce constructive interference such that we observe EIA as two coupling fields are counter-propagating. Two coupling fields are independent and cause destructive interference such that only enhanced EIT occurs when two coupling fields are co-propagating, although all of the Doppler-broadened atoms satisfy the condition for three-photon resonance. The experimental results are coincided with the numerically calculated spectra using the dressed perturbation method. The mechanisms of EIT and EIA could also be understood by the dressed-state pictures.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency in Doppler-broadened three-level systems with resonant standing wave drive

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Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Aug 29, 2005•0 citations

Coherent Population Trapping in Multi-Level Atomic Systems

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Coherent population trapping (CPT) is treated in multi–level systems, excited by two– or four–frequency laser light. The dynamics of filling non–absorbing (dark) states is investigated. In cases where all transitions involved are excited (closed systems), the effect becomes dependent on the relative phase of the light waves. Further electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is described in three– and four–level systems and used for effective side band generation.

Physica Scripta•Jan 1, 2001•13 citations
A thermal vapor of three-level atoms irradiated by two copropagating laser beams of suitable frequencies exhibits the phenomenon of coherent population trapping, leading to an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). When a mirror reflects the beams back onto themselves one finds that depending on the position along the resulting standing wave the fluorescence intensity from the sample (cesium in our case) decreases (EIT) or even increases [electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA)] with a period on the centimeter scale. An intuitive picture is based on the interference of coherent dark states but the explanation of the EIA effect requires consideration of Doppler effects in the thermal vapor. This allows for a quantitative comparison between experimental and calculated results.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
Employing an intense laser field coupling to the degenerate two-level system of cesium 6 2S_ 1/2(F=4)- 6 2P_ 3/2(F′=5) transition in a cesium vapor cell, electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra, at the same time, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of V-type three-level scheme has been demonstrated on the F=4-F′=3 and F=4-F′=4 transition frequency. The EIA is affected by the intensity and detuning of the coupling laser. By analyzing the effect of optical pumping between Zeeman sub-levels on the EIA and the coherent interactions between multiple degenerate two-level atoms, it is shown that the optical pumping affects the population of different Zeeman sub-levels and the number of the involved two-level atoms, the coherent time between the sub-levels is then changed and the linewidth and intensity of the EIA are affected accordingly.
In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type Rubidium atomic system [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and transparency (EIT) in two schemes of two coupling lasers with different propagation directions are comprehensively studied. Two coupling fields are entangled tightly with each other and induce constructive interference such that we observe EIA as two coupling fields are counter-propagating. Two coupling fields are independent and cause destructive interference such that only enhanced EIT occurs when two coupling fields are co-propagating, although all of the Doppler-broadened atoms satisfy the condition for three-photon resonance. The experimental results are coincided with the numerically calculated spectra using the dressed perturbation method. The mechanisms of EIT and EIA could also be understood by the dressed-state pictures.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.