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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Recording and reading of information by ultrashort light pulses in optically dense resonant media

Oleg Kh Khasanov, T. V. Smirnova, Olga M. Fedotova, Andrew E. Korolev

Published Jul 12, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonstationary energy exchange between reading pulse and reconstructed waves is analyzed as a function of their energy and spectral characteristics, as well as of their small-scale instability. It is shown that for small values of spatial frequencies, (kappa) 1, in transverse structure of object wave, phase-locking of reconstructed waves is observed which stabilizes the energy exchange. At the same time the efficiency of wavefront reconstruction is substantially influenced by the instability of the reading pulse with respect to small-scale perturbations of its transverse structure. With increasing (kappa) 1 the above process depends also on the effect of phase accumulation. In optically dense media the suppression of instability is not observed, but there are special conditions defined by the value and sign of detuning of reference pulse carrier frequency from resonance, under which this instability grows slowly.

DOI
10.1117/12.147879

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Nonstationary energy exchange between reading pulse and reconstructed waves is analyzed as a function of their energy and spectral characteristics, as well as of their small-scale instability. It is shown that for small values of spatial frequencies, (kappa) 1, in transverse structure of object wave, phase-locking of reconstructed waves is observed which stabilizes the energy exchange. At the same time the efficiency of wavefront reconstruction is substantially influenced by the instability of the reading pulse with respect to small-scale perturbations of its transverse structure. With increasing (kappa) 1 the above process depends also on the effect of phase accumulation. In optically dense media the suppression of instability is not observed, but there are special conditions defined by the value and sign of detuning of reference pulse carrier frequency from resonance, under which this instability grows slowly.
Analytical and numerical methods are used to study the transverse reshaping that occurs when ultrashort optical pulses propagate through media resonant to the pulse-carrier frequency. The field is described by the scalar quasi-optic equation, and the material system by the full Bloch equations describing a distribution of homogeneously broadened two-level molecules. Transverse derivatives in the field equation provide the coupling leading to the development of radially dependent frequency variations and phase curvature. We have studied the origin and evolution of transverse energy flow and investigated the conditions under which this leads to significant coherent self-focusing. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset and development of the focusing phenomenon are discussed and related to other types of self-confinement of optical pulses.
Our recent studies of methods for obtaining ultrashort light pulses and analysis of the impact of ultrashort optical pulses on classical and quantum micro-objects with the identification of the determining role of the degree of unipolarity of pulses (maximum for strictly unipolar pulses) in the efficiency of direct laser acceleration of charged particles and excitation of atoms and molecules have been reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the coherent mode locking regime in lasers, which is implemented when the laser pulse duration is less than the relaxation time of the working transition in media with resonance amplification and absorption (laser analog of the phenomenon of self-induced transparency). Experimental data on coherent mode locking in a titanium-sapphire laser with a cell with rubidium vapor at self-induced transparency in rubidium have been presented. The interaction of ultrashort pulses in resonant media has also been analyzed.
The dynamical properties of a third-order nonlinear optical process, in which two incident light pulses with wave vectors k 1 and k 2 generate a light wave with 2 k 2 - k 1 in resonant media, are discussed with particular attention to the effect of transverse relaxation time T 2 . It is shown that the correlation trace (output light energy vs incident pulse separation) for this process provides a general means of obtaining information on ultrashort T 2 for both the homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened transitions, and for both t p (pulse width)< T 2 and t p > T 2 . An experimental demonstration for t p > T 2 is given by using a dye molecule and a picosecond light source.
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The effect that may be exerted by an interatomic near dipole-dipole interaction upon optical transient processes in dense resonance media is analyzed. The behavior of the macroscopic polarization after a one-pulse excitation of a dense ensemble of two-level atoms is considered. It is shown that the free polarization signal is of oscillatory nature, with the oscillation frequency varying in time and being dependent on the dipole-dipole interaction constant, the intensity and duration of the exciting pulse, and the detuning of its carrier frequency from the resonance. The free polarization signal decay, which depends on the magnitude and sign of the sum of the detuning of the exciting pulse carrier frequency from the resonance and the Lorentz frequency, may obey either a power or an exponential law. The signal decay rate is determined not only by the inhomogeneous broadening, but also by the ratio of the above parameters. The peculiarities of echo-responses under one- or two-pulse excitation conditions are studied.
We show that four-wave mixing in optically dense media is very different than in an optically thin medium. In time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing we experimentally observe ``negative'' time delay response, fast decay rates at short delay times, and broad shoulders at long delays. The observations are explained very well in terms of pulse propagation effects, and a theoretical framework is presented for the analysis of the nonlinear interaction. We treat both the incident and generated fields self-consistently, and solve for the interaction of short pulses with a resonantly absorbing medium. The implications for the extraction of relaxation rates from four-wave-mixing experiments involving ultrashort pulses in optically dense matter are discussed.