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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Precision determination of E2/M1 amplitude ratio in atoms from polarization dependence of a two-color frequency mixing

Vitalii D Ovsiannikov, Nikita V. Pershin, Evgueni V. Tchaplyguine

Published Apr 7, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The polarization dependence of a two-colour frequency mixing in free atoms may be used for determining the ratio of E2/M1 contributions to an amplitude of a dipole-forbidden radiation transition. The details are presented for Indium and Thallium atoms where this ratio represents an important quantity determining parity nonconservation effects on atomic optical spectrum.

DOI
10.1117/12.560996

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 25, 2001•3 citations
The polarization dependence of a two-colour frequency mixing in free atoms may be used for determining the ratio of E2/M1 contributions to an amplitude of a dipole-forbidden radiation transition. The details are presented for Indium and Thallium atoms where this ratio represents an important quantity determining parity nonconservation effects on atomic optical spectrum.
The effect is determined of a steady electric or/and magnetic field on coherent frequency mixing of a two-colour radiation in atoms. Analytical formulas for the cross section dependence on polarization have been derived which provide information on a possible way to determining E2/M1 amplitude ratio from the efficiency of the de-field-induced coherent process for collinear laser waves. The polarization-dependent properties of the process’ cross section are determined analytically in the case of Indium and Thallium atoms.
The relative contributions of the magnetic dipole interaction ( M 1) and the electric quadrupole interaction ( E 2) in the dipole-forbidden three-wave process of mixing two-colour radiation in free atoms may be determined from the dependence of the frequency-conversion efficiency on the incident-wave polarization. Analytical expressions are derived for the polarization dependence of amplitudes and cross sections of a double-resonant scattering of the sum- and difference-frequency photons. Numerical estimates are presented for the ratio of E 2 and M 1 three-photon amplitudes in ground-state indium and thallium atoms.
Polarization dependence of amplitude for resonant magnetic-field-induced coherent mixing of two collinear laser waves may be used for separating M1 and E2 contributions to n1 2P1/2(3/2) - n2 2P3/2(1/2) dipole-forbidden transition in atoms. The interference between E2 and Ml terms of the amplitude may cause linear polarization and circular dichroism effects. The dependencies of the two effects on the width and splitting of resonance levels, on resonance detuning, on relative directions of steady and alternating field vectors are determined. Numerical data are presented for frequency summation of two laser waves on Cs, Rb and K atoms.
The effect of a dc electric and (or) magnetic field on the cross section for coherent mixing of two laser waves in atoms is determined. Analytic expressions are obtained for the cross-section dependence on polarisation of incident and generated waves, which allow the measurement of the E2/M1 amplitude ratio Q from the efficiency of a constant-field-induced coherent process for collinear waves. Analytic expressions are also derived for the polarisation dependence of the cross section for frequency mixing in indium and thallium atoms.
Application of a steady magnetic field allows sum-frequency radiation generated via dipole-forbidden mixing of two-colour fields in an atomic medium to be emitted in the (otherwise forbidden) forward direction. As a result of resonance tuning at low-field strength (not exceeding 0.1 T) a fourth-order magnetic-dipole-induced amplitude for the sum-frequency process can be made comparable to the third-order field-free amplitude. We show that the interference between different terms of the field-dependent amplitude may cause the circular dichroism of the forward-scattering cross section for one of the two incident waves or the sum-frequency wave when the other two waves are linearly polarized. The dichroism effect is due to the dissipation processes determined by the resonant level width Γ and depends strongly both on Γ and the resonance detuning Δ. The effect may be used to control the frequency conversion process or to make possible a frequency mixing laser spectroscopy of excited atomic levels.