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Optics Express

Self-induced transparency quadratic solitons

Soodeh Haghgoo, Sergey A. Ponomarenko

Published Jun 8, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We discover and theoretically explore self-induced transparency quadratic solitons (SIT-QS) supported by the media with quadratic optical nonlinearities, doped with resonant impurities. The fundamental frequency of input pulses is assumed to be close to the impurity resonance. We envision an ensemble of inhomogeneously broadened semiconductor quantum dots (QD) in the strong confinement regime grown on a substrate with a quadratic nonlinearity to be a promising candidate for the laboratory realization of SIT-QS. We also examine the influence of inhomogeneous broadening as well as wave number and group-velocity mismatches on the salient properties of the introduced solitons.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.013988

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•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
We discover and theoretically explore self-induced transparency quadratic solitons (SIT-QS) supported by the media with quadratic optical nonlinearities, doped with resonant impurities. The fundamental frequency of input pulses is assumed to be close to the impurity resonance. We envision an ensemble of inhomogeneously broadened semiconductor quantum dots (QD) in the strong confinement regime grown on a substrate with a quadratic nonlinearity to be a promising candidate for the laboratory realization of SIT-QS. We also examine the influence of inhomogeneous broadening as well as wave number and group-velocity mismatches on the salient properties of the introduced solitons.
We theoretically show that a self-induced transparency (SIT) soliton and a Bragg soliton can coexist in a nonlinear photonic band gap (PBG) medium doped uniformly with inhomogeneous-broadening two-level atoms. The Maxwell-Bloch equations for the pulse propagating through such a uniformly doped PBG structure are derived first and further reduced to an effective nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This model describes an equivalent physical mechanism for a Bragg-soliton propagation resulting from the effective quadratic dispersion balancing with the effective third-order nonlinearity. Because the resonant atoms are taken into account, the original band gap can be shifted both by the dopants and the instantaneous nonlinearity response originating from an intense optical pulse. As a result, even if a SIT soliton with its central frequency deep inside the original forbidden band, it still can propagate through the resonant PBG medium as long as this SIT soliton satisfies the effective Bragg-soliton propagation. An approximate soliton solution describing such coexistence is found. We also show that the pulse width and group velocity of this soliton solution can be uniquely determined for given material parameters, atomic transition frequency, and input central frequency of the soliton. The numerical examples of the SIT soliton in a one-dimensional As2S3-based PBG structure doped uniformly with Lorentzian line-shape resonant atoms are shown. It is found that a SIT soliton with approximately 100-ps width in such a resonant PBG structure can travel with the velocity being two orders of magnitude slower than the light speed in an unprocessed host medium.
We consider an optical pulse propagation in a one-dimensional nonlinear periodic structure doped uniformly with inhomogeneously broadening two-level atoms wherein the pulse propagation is governed by the nonlinear coupled mode-Maxwell Bloch equations. We investigate the pulse-train like periodic waves as well as bright and dark solitons near the photonic bandgap structure under the influence of self-induced transparency (SIT) effect. Further, we demonstrate that the resulting bright and dark SIT Bragg solitons may be realized both in anomalous and normal dispersion regimes, and this novel concept is ultimately the crux of this paper.
Photonic crystals doped with resonant atoms allow for uniquely advantageous nonlinear modes of optical propagation. The first type of mode is self-induced transparency (SIT) solitons and multidimensional localized “bullets” propagating at photonic-bandgap frequencies. Such modes can exist even at ultraweak intensities (few photons) and therefore differ substantially either from solitons in Kerr-nonlinear photonic crystals or from SIT solitons in uniform media. The second type of mode is cross coupling between pulses exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency and SIT gap solitons. We show that extremely strong correlations (giant cross-phase modulation) can be formed between the two pulses. These features may find applications in high-fidelity classical and quantum optical communications.
Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the dopant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting a well known result.
Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the opant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting the limitation of a well known result.
This thesis explores the existence and properties of self-induced transparency (SIT) solitons in nanophotonic waveguides. SIT solitons are shape-preserving solutions of the semi-classical Maxwell-Bloch equations, a system of nonlinearly coupled differential equations. In a first investigation, collisions of counterpropagating simultons (SIT solitons in absorbing three-level systems) are studied numerically in the plane-wave approximation and a polarisation- and group-velocity dependent soliton birth is uncovered. Apart from their fundamental interest, such light-light interaction effects may be of use for optical computing applications if they can be transferred to tightly confined light pulses. Confining light is usually achieved by using dielectric waveguides that exhibit group velocity dispersion leading to chirped pulses, which experience absorption when entering an absorbing medium. If the chirp is strong enough and the pulse intense enough, they can even completely invert an absorber. When investigating chirped pulse propagation through a dense ensemble of two-level system it is found that the chirped pulses dynamically reshape into unchirped pulses experiencing transparency. Furthermore, the conditions on the waveguide geometry to enable SIT are analysed, identifying a nanophotonic slot waveguide with a low-index gap, exhibiting high electric field enhancement and a homogeneous field profile, as the ideal candidate system for guided SIT solitons. This analysis is supported by two-dimensional numerical calculations that show the solitary character is maintained during propagation if the absorber density is high enough to ensure a slow-down of the pulse and to thus counteract the waveguide dispersion. Finally, the soliton birth due to simulton collisions and optical memory schemes proposed for plane-wave SIT are investigated in the two-dimensional slot waveguide and found to also be possible in this geometry.