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Applied Optics

High time–bandwidth product and high repetition rate period signal generation based on spectral hole burning crystal

Xiurong Ma, Song Wang, Yuqing Liang, Yunlong Shan

Published Mar 27, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes an approach for the generation of high time-bandwidth product (TBP) and high repetition rate pulse compression period signal. The complex spectral grating is created through a reference pulse and multiple programming pulses with different start frequencies. As the multiple probe chirped pulses with different start frequencies interact with the complex spectral gratings, a high TBP and repetition rate period signal is thus generated. This technique has the potential to generate a time-bandwidth product of 10⁵ when the repetition rate reaches up to tens of GHz. At the end of this paper, two simulation results of pulse compression period signal with 4×10⁵ TBP and 20 GHz repetition rate are presented.

DOI
10.1364/ao.54.002891

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This paper proposes an approach for the generation of high time-bandwidth product (TBP) and high repetition rate pulse compression period signal. The complex spectral grating is created through a reference pulse and multiple programming pulses with different start frequencies. As the multiple probe chirped pulses with different start frequencies interact with the complex spectral gratings, a high TBP and repetition rate period signal is thus generated. This technique has the potential to generate a time-bandwidth product of 10⁵ when the repetition rate reaches up to tens of GHz. At the end of this paper, two simulation results of pulse compression period signal with 4×10⁵ TBP and 20 GHz repetition rate are presented.
Summary form only given. Complex spectral gratings, accumulated to nearly steady-state in a short-term persistent inhomogeneously broadened optical transition, have been demonstrated by repeated application of a pair of frequency stabilized and low power-optical pulses (i.e. continuous programming). Provided the grating is not saturated, it can perform continuous correlation of an amplitude and/or phase modulated optical waveform at multi-gigahertz rates with large time-bandwidth products. The present work demonstrates continuous programming of a complex spectral grating, representing a 30-bit pattern and 4 microsecond time delay, to and beyond steady state. Grating accumulation and maintenance is observed by applying a probe pulse (identical to the pattern) after each programming pulse pair. Each probe stimulates an optical coherent transient emitted signal that represents the correlation of the pattern and probe. The probe was non-destructive to the grating, and consequently did not interfere with programming. The frequency reference was a transient, regenerating spectral hole created by the optical carrier in the same inhomogeneously broadened transition.
Microwave photonic pulse generation has intrinsic high speed and large bandwidth, and it can overcome the sampling-rate limitation in the electrical domain. Herein, we propose a partly temporally-overlapped photon echo scheme to generate microwave pulses with a high data transfer rate and precision pulse width. The partly overlapped chirped control pulse has the same chirped rate segments but different time delays. The time delay between the segments and the number of segments can be adjusted to achieve a controllable multipulse photon echo train. We developed a theoretical model based on the photon echo process and performed simulations to obtain nonlinear chirped periodic spectral grating in a Tm3+:YAG crystal and gave the time delay provided by the spectral grating to the probe pulse at different instantaneous frequencies. We further generated pulse code modulation signals to verify the performance of the target signal. The proposed signal-generation scheme has potential applications in microwave photonics and modern radar systems.
We report on the experimental demonstration of a multi-gigahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analyzer based on spectral hole burning in a 3 K-cooled rare-earth ion-doped crystal. We implemented the so-called “rainbow” architecture in which the optically carried spectral components of the incoming signal are angularly separated by the crystal, and are then acquired with a pixelated photo-detector. With this setup, we have been able to monitor and record the spectrum of complex microwave signals over an instantaneous bandwidth above 20 GHz, with a time resolution below 100 μs, 400 resolvable frequency components and a 100% probability of intercept. RF pulsed signals in the μs range are perfectly analyzed with this high time-resolved set-up. The best achievable sensitivity for pulsed signals is computed and compared with another spectral hole burning technique.
A novel technique for programming broadband true-time delays that uses two frequency-offset temporally overlapped linear frequency-chirped pulses to produce periodic spectral gratings in an inhomogeneously broadened absorber is presented. Advantages of this technique include its ability to use chirped pulses that are longer than the coherence time of the crystal, less stringent laser frequency-stability requirements for grating accumulation, lower power requirements, a simplified system design, and the ability to tune broadband (multigigahertz) delays over a wide dynamic range (picoseconds to microseconds).
We report on the experimental demonstration of a multi-gigahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analyzer exhibiting a resolution below 20 MHz, based on spectral hole burning in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal. To be compatible with demanding real-time spectrum monitoring applications, our demonstrator is designed to reach a high time resolution. For this purpose, we implemented the so-called “rainbow” architecture in which the spectral components of the incoming signal are angularly separated by the crystal, and are then acquired with a pixelated photodetector. The Tm3+:YAG crystal is programmed with a semiconductor DFB laser which frequency scan is servo-controlled and synchronized with the angular scan of a resonant galvanometric mirror, while a high-speed camera is used to acquire the spectra. In the perspective of future implementation within a system, the crystal is cooled below 4 K with a closed-cycle cryostat. With this setup, we have been able to monitor and record the spectrum of complex microwave signals over an instantaneous bandwidth above 20 GHz, with a time resolution below 100 μs, 400 resolvable frequency components and a probability of intercept of 100 %.
Spectral hole-burning-based optical processing devices are proposed for coherent integration of multiple high-bandwidth interference patterns in a spectral hole-burning medium. In this implementation, 0.5 GHz spectral holographic gratings are dynamically accumulated in Er3+:Y2SiO5 at 4.2 K using a 1536 nm laser frequency stabilized to a spectral hole, along with commercial off-the-shelf components. The processed data, representing time delays over 0.5–2.0 μs, were optically read out using a frequency-swept probe; this approach makes possible the use of low-bandwidth, large-dynamic-range detectors and digitizers and enables competitive processing for applications such as radar, lidar, and radio astronomy. Coherent integration dynamics and material advances are reported.