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Optical Materials

Homogeneous linewidth measurements of Yb3+ ions in congruent and stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals

Z. Kis, Gábor Mandula, K. Lengyel, Ivett Hajdara, L. Kovács, M. Imlau

Published Oct 16, 2014• 16 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optmat.2014.09.022

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Site-selective measurement of relaxation properties at 980 nm in Er 3+^{3+}3+ 3 + -doped congruent and stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals
Summary form only given. Congruent lithium niobate has a disordered, lithium-deficient structure in which Nb/sub Li/ antisites provide charge compensation for lithium vacancies. The disorder is produced by departures from stoichiometry, which play an important role in the photorefractive properties of lithium niobate, particularly two-color photorefractivity at ambient temperatures. Disorder also increases the inhomogeneous linewidth (/spl Gamma//sub inhom/) of optical transitions of impurity centers, which gives a desirable increase in bandwidth for applications involving low temperature spatial-spectral holography where the frequency and time-domain phenomena of spectral hole burning and photon echoes are combined with that of spatial holography. However it also has the potential to increase the homogeneous linewidth (/spl Gamma//sub hom/) by inducing low frequency tunneling modes or "two-level systems" (TLS), reducing the figure of merit for the time-bandwidth product: F=/spl Gamma//sub inhom///spl Gamma//sub hom/. We investigate the role of disorder in lithium niobate by measuring both the inhomogeneous and homogeneous broadening of optical transitions in Pr/sup 3+/ and Er/sup 3+/ doped lithium niobate where the rare-earth ions are generally accepted to substitute for Li/sup +/ ions in sites of nominally C/sub 3/ symmetry.
We introduce our design, simulation, and fabrication for cm-long waveguides and micro-ring resonators based on fully-etched thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) incorporated with rare earth ions. We implant ytterbium ions (Yb3+) into the crystalline host and study their optical properties at 4 K temperature. We measure an intrinsic optical quality factor of higher than 2×106 after postimplantation annealing. We characterize the photoluminescence spectrum, lifetime, and absorption of Yb3+ ions. Incorporation of rare earth ions into LNOI as a crystalline and nonlinear photonic element may enable the development of multi-functional quantum photonic devices capable of generating, transducing, manipulating, and storing of quantum optical information.