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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Light-matter coherent atomic beam splitter

Maksim V. Subbotin, Д. А. Лапшин, V. I. Balykin, Vladilen S Letokhov

Published Feb 25, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a coherent beam splitter for atomic beam, based on reflection and diffraction of the atom by a modulated evanescent wave, created on a quartz plate with the periodic surface microstructure.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

DOI
10.1117/12.340152

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We propose a coherent beam splitter for atomic beam, based on reflection and diffraction of the atom by a modulated evanescent wave, created on a quartz plate with the periodic surface microstructure.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The key elements for atom interferometers are atomic beam splitters and recombiners. An atomic beam splitter separates a single atomic wave function into a superposition state corresponding to two center of mass wavepackets that propagate in different spatial directions and a recombiner reunites the atomic beams. We report here on the investigation of 1) an atomic beam splitter with large separation angle based on the optical Stern Gerlach effect, 2) an atomic mirror based on the reflection of atoms by different types of evanescent waves (a simple evanescent wave and a surface plasmon wave), 3) an atomic beam splitter realized by the partial spatial reflection of an atom by an evanescent wave and 4) diffraction of atoms by a standing evanescent wave.
A novel atomic beam splitter, using reflection of atoms off an evanescent light wave, is investigated theoretically. The intensity or frequency of the light is modulated in order to create sidebands on the reflected de Broglie wave. The weights and phases of the various sidebands are calculated using three different approaches: the Born approximation, a semiclassical path integral approach, and a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We show how this modulated mirror could be used to build practical atomic interferometers.
A novel atomic beam splitter, using reflection of atoms off an evanescent light wave, is investigated theoretically. The intensity or frequency of the light is modulated in order to create sidebands on the reflected de Broglie wave. The weights and phases of the various sidebands are calculated using three different approaches: the Born approximation, a semiclassical path integral approach, and a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We show how this modulated mirror could be used to build practical atomic interferometers.
We demonstrate a coherent atomic beam splitter for metastable helium atoms, based on the diffraction of atomic matter waves from a blazed phase grating. The beam splitter is created by driving the two transitions of a three-level V system with differentially detuned standing light waves that have a relative spatial phase shift of pi/2. The light f ields create a potential that is approximately triangular as a function of position in the laser field. Splittings of 38 times the photon momentum have been observed.
Atomic beam splitter needs for the practical realization of nano-scale lithography by coherent scattering of the atoms. We consider the different types of atomic beam splitters, which could be used for the creation of the space structures with nano-scale period. We concentrate to a few main schemes of an interaction between an atom beam and optical radiation, which can produce a large angle splitting of atom beam into only two main momentum components: multi Bragg scattering an atom wave packet in standing wave; coherent splitting by scattering of an atom wave packet in standing wave with modulated intensity, when the intensity of the standing wave changes harmonically. We discuss also the experimental possibility of an atom selection in internal states for obtaining of space periodical structure with high clearance.
We propose a beam splitter for atomic de Broglie waves combining atomic reflection from an evanescent laser wave with induced transitions between ground-state sublevels in a homogeneous magnetic field. An inelastic change of Zeeman energy during the reflection results in an angular separation of the outgoing partial beams. By choosing suitable relative phases between the polarization components of the evanescent wave, a two-channel beam splitter with an adjustable splitting ratio can be realized.