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Physical Review A

Quantum nodes for W-state generation in noisy channels

Jie Song, Yan Xia, He‐Shan Song

Published Aug 14, 2008• 38 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme for generating W state by using single-photon interference and time-bin encoding in polarization noise channels is proposed. We show that polarization noise cannot affect the fidelity of the intended entangled state generation, and that the successful probability does not change as the number of atoms in a single quantum node increases. Moreover, the proposed scheme can be generalized to prepare entanglement among $N$ quantum nodes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.024302

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A scheme for generating W state by using single-photon interference and time-bin encoding in polarization noise channels is proposed. We show that polarization noise cannot affect the fidelity of the intended entangled state generation, and that the successful probability does not change as the number of atoms in a single quantum node increases. Moreover, the proposed scheme can be generalized to prepare entanglement among NNN quantum nodes.
A scheme is proposed for generating a long-distance two-photon entangled state in a noisy channel with the help of a cross-Kerr medium and photon number measurement via time-bin encoding and decoding. In the scheme, the influence of the noise can be eliminated effectively through time-bin encoding and decoding, the photon number detector is used to distinguish vacuum and nonvacuum states, and the minus conditional phase shift is not required. The method is also useful in other types of large-scale and long-distance quantum information processing via noisy channels.
Noise plays a troublesome role for entanglement generation, because the polarization entanglement of photons can be easily disturbed by the noise. In this paper, we propose a protocol to prepare Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state and W state of atoms in quantum nodes connected by collective-noise channels assisted by quantum nondemolition detectors (QNDs) and the controlled phase flip gates. The frequency degrees of freedom are exploited in our protocol. The successful probability of our protocol can reach 100% neglecting the photon loss and assuming that the efficiency of QNDs is 1. Moreover, the number of times of using QNDs is limited, and this makes the protocol quite effective when collective noise is small.
Faithful transmission of quantum information over noisy channel is an essential requisite for quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. Here we experimentally demonstrate a noise-rejecting scheme for single-photon qubits transmission, resorting to neither ancillary photons nor globally entangled resources. Employing the unbalanced polarization interferometer, the polarization qubits are transformed to time-bin degrees of freedom. Meanwhile, the deterministic transmission of quantum states with high fidelity can be achieved. We find that the immunity of time-bin encoded qubits against collective noise paves the way to practical quantum error-correction and rejection in long-distance quantum communication.
A robust and scalable scheme for generating atom–photon and atom–atom entangled W states is proposed by using the interference effect of the polarized photons leaking out of the spatially separated cavities. Each of the atoms is trapped separately in a remote optical cavity, and the possible spontaneous channels induced by the excited atoms lead to the coherent superposition between atoms and photon, which is an important step toward long-distance and long-range quantum networking with individual atoms. The scalability is ensured in the sense that an arbitrarily large multiqubit atom–photon and atom–atom entangled W state can be generated with certain success probabilities.
Nonlocal entanglement generation among multiple remote quantum nodes provides a critical foundation for a variety of counterintuitive quantum applications. The exponential loss of photons transmitting over optical fibers sets an upper limit for entangling these quantum nodes. Here, we propose a resource-efficient and parallel protocol for entangling multiple remote quantum nodes via time-bin multiplexing. The transmission of a single photon with qudit-encoding in the time-bin mode enables entangling multiple stationary qubits in parallel, when single photons and individual stationary qubits interfaces are used and photon-state modulations are properly introduced before subsequently impinging the photon into each interface. Our protocol can generate parallel multipartite entanglement among (N≥3N\geq3N≥3) quantum nodes with the dimension of the photonic time bins independent of NNN, exponentially reducing the requirements for the coherence time of the stationary qubits and for the complexity of the photonic modulations. These distinct features make our protocol particularly advantageous for the development of multinode quantum networks.