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Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)

Dark and bright polaritons in solids in the presence of excitonic resonances

E. A. Gazazyan, A. D. Gazazyan, V. O. Chaltykyan

Published Jun 27, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the possibility to store and retrieve quantum information with use of “dark” and ”bright” polaritons in solids with excitonic resonances. In a crystal with Λ-type impurity atoms the upper level lying in the excitonic band of the crystal forms a Fano-type resonant state via configuration interaction with the continuum of crystal’s excitonic band. Polariton states are introduced in case of transitions through excitonic resonance and the properties of these states are studied. We also investigate propagation of dark polariton and show that its shape and quantum state are preserved during propagation. Limiting cases of adiabatic and non-adiabatic turning-on the fields are analyzed in detail.

DOI
10.3103/s1068337213040014

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We study the possibility to store and retrieve quantum information with use of “dark” and ”bright” polaritons in solids with excitonic resonances. In a crystal with Λ-type impurity atoms the upper level lying in the excitonic band of the crystal forms a Fano-type resonant state via configuration interaction with the continuum of crystal’s excitonic band. Polariton states are introduced in case of transitions through excitonic resonance and the properties of these states are studied. We also investigate propagation of dark polariton and show that its shape and quantum state are preserved during propagation. Limiting cases of adiabatic and non-adiabatic turning-on the fields are analyzed in detail.
The methods for storage and reconstruction of quantum information in a crystal with impurity ∧ atoms are studied in the case when the upper state is located in the exciton band. The upper level of the impurity atom forms a Fano resonant state similar to the autoionization atomic state due to the configuration interaction with the continuum of the exciton band. The slowing of light pulses is realized in the presence of a control field, so that the group velocity appears much lower than the velocity of light in vacuum. The processes are considered in the adiabatic limit of the field activation. The possibility for the storage and reconstruction of a quantum pulse is studied in the case of the instantaneous on-off switching of the control field. It is demonstrated that the shape and quantum state of the light pulse are preserved in the case of its propagation and reconstruction. The polariton states are obtained and their properties are studied for the case of transitions through the exciton resonance.
Dark-state polaritons in a five-level MMM-type atomic ensemble are proposed in the electromagnetically induced transparency. Under conditions of the low excitation limit and adiabatic following, the quantum field can be mapped onto the atomic polarization states, forming the shape preserving quantum states of polaritons. Two channels for robust quantum memory are provided, which enables the potential applications in quantum-information processing.
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Condensation of bosons causes spectacular phenomena such as superfluidity or superconductivity. Understanding the nature of the condensed particles is crucial for active control of such quantum phases. Fascinating possibilities emerge from condensates of light–matter-coupled excitations, such as exciton–polaritons, photons hybridized with hydrogen-like bound electron–hole pairs. So far, only the photon component has been resolved, while even the mere existence of excitons in the condensed regime has been challenged. Here we trace the matter component of polariton condensates by monitoring intra-excitonic terahertz transitions. We study how a reservoir of optically dark excitons forms and feeds the degenerate state. Unlike atomic gases, the atom-like transition in excitons is dramatically renormalized on macroscopic ground state population. Our results establish fundamental differences between polariton condensation and photon lasing and open possibilities for coherent control of condensates. Exciton–polaritons are bosonic quasi-particles resulting from strong coupling of excitons and photons but so far only their photon component had been resolved. Here, Menard et al. monitor the intra-excitonic transitions and study how a reservoir of optically dark excitons forms and feeds the degenerate state.
In this thesis, after a brief review of some concepts of Quantum Optics, we analyze a three-level atomic system in the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), and we investigate the propagation of a gaussian pulse along a cigar-shaped cloud of both cold and hot atoms in EIT regime. In particular, we show that it is possible to amplify a slow propagating pulse without population inversion. We also analyze the regime of anomalous light propagation showing that it is possible to observe superluminal energy propagation. In these conditions, it is possible to imprint reversibly ('write') the information carried by the photons onto the atoms, specifically as a coherent pattern of atomic spins, and later the information stored in the atomic spins can be transferred back ('read') to the light field, implementing in this way a quantum memory. Besides, we analyze the propagation of a quantum field in an EIT medium sustaining dark state polaritons (DSP) in a quasi-particle picture. Here, the decoherence effects in this quantum memory for photons, by analyzing the fidelity of the quantum state transfer, and the emergence of parastatistics in the quasi-particle picture in gain medium are discussed. Finally, we introduce a polarization quantum memory for photons by using a tripod atomic configuration in which two ideal EIT windows appear and the two DSPs, scattering each other, show a solitonic behavior.
A new developed for storing quantum information on atomic polaritons being at thermal equilibrium is developed for the first time. We propose a new type of spatially periodic structure - polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms interacting with quantum electromagnetic field in one-dimensional array of tunnelcoupled microcavities, which allows polaritons to be fully localized. The quantum degeneracy and phase transition to superfluid (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-type) state for low branch polaritons is discussed. The principal result is that the group velocity of polaritons depends essentially on the order parameter of the system, i.e. on the average photon number in the cavity array. An algorithm for the spatially distributed writing, storing, and retrieving of quantum optical information using polariton wave packet propagated in the cavity array is examined. To take into account decoherence processes in polaritonic system the quantum Brownian particle model is discussed as well.