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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Spectroscopy within the Doppler profile of potassiumDlines using an external-resonator semiconductor injection laser

Vladimir L Velichansky, Alexander S. Zibrov, V.S. Kargopol'tsev, O. R. Kachurin, V V Nikitin, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, G. G. Kharisov, D A Tyurikov

Published Oct 31, 1980• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A semiconductor injection laser with an external resonator was used for the first time in saturation spectroscopy investigations. Two opposite equal-intensity beams were used to record the luminescence signal of potassium vapor. Saturation resonances in the Doppler profile of the 766.49-nm potassium D 2 line were obtained as a result of a redistribution of the hyperfine-level populations in the ground state.

DOI
10.1070/qe1980v010n10abeh010516

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A semiconductor injection laser with an external resonator was used for the first time in saturation spectroscopy investigations. Two opposite equal-intensity beams were used to record the luminescence signal of potassium vapor. Saturation resonances in the Doppler profile of the 766.49-nm potassium D 2 line were obtained as a result of a redistribution of the hyperfine-level populations in the ground state.
An investigation was made of selective specular reflection from 133Cs vapor in the range of atomic concentrations between 4×1013 and 2×1015 cm−3 where collisional broadening of the D2 line is less than the Doppler broadening. The radiation source was an injection laser. Intra-Doppler resonances corresponding to the hyperfine structure of the excited state were recorded in the selective reflection profile. Shifts of the reflection resonances relative to the luminescence resonances of the atomic beam did not exceed 50 MHz. The possiblity of using selective reflection for linear spectroscopy of atomic lines without Doppler broadening is discussed.
The frequency of a GaAs semiconductor laser was locked to the hyperfine spectrum of the Rb D/sub 1/ line by saturation spectroscopy. A first GaAs laser was locked to one of the Doppler-free hyperfine lines using a source modulation method. The burnt hole modulated by the stabilized laser beam was detected by a second laser beam irradicated from the same or the opposite direction and was used as a frequency discriminator to stabilize the second laser. The characteristics of the double-resonance spectrum were measured. The frequency stability of the second laser, which was free from frequency modulation, was estimated to be on the order of 10/sup -9/.>
This chapter shows that several non-linear features can be demonstrated and the line shape of sub-natural line width can be obtained by manipulation of the powers of the two interacting laser radiations. The interaction of the laser radiation can produce a coherent superposition of the atomic states such that atoms are trapped in one state so that the atomic system may be transparent even in the presence of radiation frequency that is on resonance. Saturation spectroscopy is more conveniently performed in three level atomic systems interacting with two laser radiations. One of the radiations, called pump beam, has higher intensity and frequency on resonance or close to resonance with the transition frequency across two levels of the atom. The second laser radiation, called probe beam, is weaker and interacts with two other energy levels, one of which is common to the pump transition. A few hyperfine transitions are within the envelope of one Doppler profile.
Pulsed stimulated emission near the D2 line of 133Cs (852.1 nm) was obtained from a semiconductor laser with an external selective element utilizing specular reflection from a cesium vapor cell. The power and spectral width of the stimulated emission at a vapor pressure of 2 Torr were 1 mW and 5×10−3 nm, respectively. Investigations were made of the spectral and temporal characteristics of the laser radiation at different cesium vapor pressures. An analysis was made of the conditions needed to enhance substantially the average stimulated emission power. The possibility of using a laser with an external selectively reflecting cell for optical pumping of alkali metal vapors is discussed. The resonance absorption lines of rubidium and potassium were recorded using a pulsed injection laser.
We study modulation spectroscopy of the potassium D 2 transitions at 766.7 nm. The vapour pressure, controlled by heating a commercial reference cell, is first optimized using conventional saturated absorption spectroscopy. Heterodyne detection then yields sub-Doppler frequency discriminants suitable for stabilizing lasers in experiments with cold atoms. Comparisons are made between spectra obtained by direct modulation of the probe beam and those using modulation transfer from the pump via nonlinear mixing. Finally, suggestions are made for further optimization of the signals.