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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Steady-state population inversion by multiphoton electromagnetically induced transparency

Yifu Zhu, Joseph Saldana, Lingling Wen, Ying Wu

Published Apr 1, 2004• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that electromagnetically induced transparency suppresses nonlinear absorption of all orders in a multilevel atomic system and leads to selective, multiphoton excitation of resonantly coupled atomic states. Under appropriate conditions, higher-order nonlinear absorption becomes dominant and selective steady-state population inversion is created among the resonantly coupled states.

DOI
10.1364/josab.21.000806

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We show that electromagnetically induced transparency suppresses nonlinear absorption of all orders in a multilevel atomic system and leads to selective, multiphoton excitation of resonantly coupled atomic states. Under appropriate conditions, higher-order nonlinear absorption becomes dominant and selective steady-state population inversion is created among the resonantly coupled states.
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We study the nonlinear effect in a three-level atomic system in Λ configuration. As two or more fields are confined within the common electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window, they directly disturb EIT dark state at the same time, which leads to the self- and cross-Kerr nonlinear interactions. Our scheme is different from the existed schemes based on three-level or multilevel systems only existing single type of nonlinear interactions. In the common EIT windows, the self- and cross-Kerr nonlinearities are established with suppressed linear absorption and our scheme can be generalized polychromatic Kerr nonlinearity. Because the atoms are almost trapped in the ground states and the atom population becomes unchanged, the scheme is robust to the atomic spontaneous emission. Our scheme is a promising avenue for preparation of squeezing and entanglement .
Control of multiphoton transitions is demonstrated for a multilevel system by generalizing the instantaneous phase of any chirped pulse as individual terms of a Taylor series expansion. In the case of a simple two-level system, all odd terms in the series lead to population inversion while the even terms lead to self-induced transparency. The results hold for multiphoton transitions that do not have any lower-order photon resonance or any intermediate virtual state dynamics within the laser pulse width.