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Optics Letters

Wavelength-tunable amplitude-squeezed light from a room-temperature quantum-well laser

MJ Freeman, Richard R. Craig, Don R. Scifres, H. Wang, Duncan G. Steel

Published Dec 15, 1993• 63 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed amplitude noise levels as much as 1.8 dB below the Standard quantum limit in the light generated by an external-cavity-stabilized index-guided quantum-well laser operating at room temperature. The measured amplitude noise remains more than 1.5 dB below the Standard quantum limit as the lasing wavelength of this system is tuned from 831 to 841 nm.

DOI
10.1364/ol.18.002141

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Physical Review Letters•Apr 24, 1995•50 citations
We have observed amplitude noise levels as much as 1.8 dB below the Standard quantum limit in the light generated by an external-cavity-stabilized index-guided quantum-well laser operating at room temperature. The measured amplitude noise remains more than 1.5 dB below the Standard quantum limit as the lasing wavelength of this system is tuned from 831 to 841 nm.
The generation of light with amplitude-noise levels below the standard quantum limit (SQL) by constant-current operation of light-emitting and semiconductor laser diodes has been well established.1 Nearly all of this work, however, has been conducted with the light source cooled to cryogenic temperatures. At room temperature, the highest observed squeezing levels were 0.6 dB for light-emitting diodes and 0.2 dB for laser diodes.2 We presently report up to 1.8 dB of squeezing from a commercially available index-guided quantum-well laser (SDL-5410-C) operated at room temperature. Although cross-gain saturation can lead to amplitude squeezing of the total number of photons emitted by a multimode semiconductor laser in the limit of fast intraband scattering and the absence of wavelength-dependent loss,3 we found that it was necessary to suppress the >100 near-threshold longitudinal side modes of the laser to obtain squeezing at room temperature. This was accomplished either by using optical feedback from a grating in an external cavity configuration or by injection-locking the laser to a single-frequency laser. Both of these techniques allow the output wavelength of the laser to be named and thus the squeezing level as a function of wavelength to be studied.
Amplitude-squeezed light has been generated by semiconductor quantum well lasers in numerous optical configurations, at both room and cryogenic temperatures. Various intensity noise sources associated with nonideal laser operation, in particular mode partition and polarization-dependent noise, can introduce intensity fluctuations that limit or remove amplitude squeezing. We discuss amplitude noise reduction in low-temperature free-running and injection-locking laser configurations and room-temperature injection locking and external-cavity laser configurations. Drive-current modulation with a nonclassical SNR improvement is achieved with an injection-locked laser.
Amplitude-squeezed states are produced from a room-temperature Fabry-P\'erot quantum-well semiconductor laser using a combination of pump suppression and weak, dispersive optical feedback. Up to 0.9 dB of squeezing is measured using a balanced homodyne detector corresponding to 1.5 dB of squeezing at the output facet of the laser. A comparison of the data to theoretical predictions suggests that the excess noise measured under free-running conditions could be a result of incomplete side-mode suppression in combination with asymmetrical cross-mode nonlinear gain saturation.