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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

DC field-induced resonance and polarization effects in two-photon transitions between atomic states with different parity

Nikolai L. Manakov, Vitalii D Ovsiannikov

Published May 14, 1997• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A resonance, induced by a DC field in a two-photon transition of an atom between states with opposite parity, results in a number of new effects related to the polarization of photons. These effects are caused by the interference of the non-resonant second-order dipole-forbidden amplitude and of a resonant part of the DC field-induced third-order amplitude. The linear and circular dichroism for the cross section of the process is revealed and analysed in detail for a two-photon excitation of the state from the ground state with a resonance on an state, induced by a DC electric field. The numerical data for alkali atoms demonstrate that the effects have quantitative characteristics of sufficiently large magnitudes and may be observed in experiments.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/30/9/012

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A resonance, induced by a DC field in a two-photon transition of an atom between states with opposite parity, results in a number of new effects related to the polarization of photons. These effects are caused by the interference of the non-resonant second-order dipole-forbidden amplitude and of a resonant part of the DC field-induced third-order amplitude. The linear and circular dichroism for the cross section of the process is revealed and analysed in detail for a two-photon excitation of the state from the ground state with a resonance on an state, induced by a DC electric field. The numerical data for alkali atoms demonstrate that the effects have quantitative characteristics of sufficiently large magnitudes and may be observed in experiments.
In a gas of free atoms interacting with a two-colour laser radiation, a DC electric field provides the necessary conditions for generation of sum-frequency radiation, together with a resonance enhancement of the frequency conversion process. The interference between the DC-field-induced and the dipole-forbidden three-photon amplitudes causes circular dichroism effects in the scattering of the sum-frequency photons at right angles to the incident laser beams. The DC-field-induced resonance effect is strongly dependent on the frequency detuning and the width of the resonant levels.
The circular dichroism (CD) effect is predicted in a specific case of a two-color ionization of atoms, due to interfering a dc field-induced resonance two-photon ionization by electromagnetic radiation with frequency (omega) and the one- photon ionization by the wave with frequency 2(omega) . The maximum degree of CD may be observed in the range of fields where the probability for the dc field-induced two-photon ionization becomes comparable with that of the single-photon process and exceeds essentially the field-free two-photon ionization probability. The effect is sensitive to the relative phase between the two ac field components. The atomic parameters for this effect in alkali atoms are calculated. The range of fields is determined, for which the dichroism becomes observable. The use of the effect to control the branching ratio and the relative phase of the two radiations is discussed.
Application of a steady magnetic field allows sum-frequency radiation generated via dipole-forbidden mixing of two-colour fields in an atomic medium to be emitted in the (otherwise forbidden) forward direction. As a result of resonance tuning at low-field strength (not exceeding 0.1 T) a fourth-order magnetic-dipole-induced amplitude for the sum-frequency process can be made comparable to the third-order field-free amplitude. We show that the interference between different terms of the field-dependent amplitude may cause the circular dichroism of the forward-scattering cross section for one of the two incident waves or the sum-frequency wave when the other two waves are linearly polarized. The dichroism effect is due to the dissipation processes determined by the resonant level width Γ and depends strongly both on Γ and the resonance detuning Δ. The effect may be used to control the frequency conversion process or to make possible a frequency mixing laser spectroscopy of excited atomic levels.
We demonstrate that a weak, static electric field enables nearly complete coherent phase control of the total ionization yield in a two-color ionization process using fundamental and second-harmonic radiation. The static electric field induces a dipole-forbidden resonance in the two-photon transition amplitude so that the final photoelectron states are identical to those in a single photon transition. We demonstrate also a phase controllable circular dichroism effect in the total photoelectron yield. Experimental realization of this process using alkali metal atoms is discussed.
A static electric field may induce essential changes to the cross section for the magnetic-field-induced coherent frecuency mixing of two laser waves, modifying the cross-section dependence on the magnetic field and polarization vectors of incident waves, which depends on the ratio of M1/E2 contributions to n1 2P1/2 (3/2) - n2 2P3/2(1/2) radiation transition amplitude. Relations between the M1/E2 ratio and quantitative characteristics of polarization asymmetry in cross section are determined. Calculated numerical data are presented for coherent mixing of two laser waves on Cs, Rb and K atoms.
We examine the influence of a static dc electric field on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) resonances that involve highly excited Rydberg states. Our focus is on how these resonances are altered when the relative orientation between the laser polarization and the external electric field vectors are varied. We experimentally demonstrate characteristic variations in the amplitude of the Stark-split EIT resonances, which can be explained by the selection rules in various geometries. We also present a simplified semi-analytical model that closely resembles the experimental observations. We use these findings to obtain information about the spatially inhomogeneous electric field, produced by a biased wire, using EIT fluorescence measurements that agrees with the expected angular dependencies. These results suggest that simultaneous analysis of frequency shifts and amplitudes of Rydberg EIT resonances may enable vector electrometry of electrostatic fields, necessary for many quantum sensing applications.