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International Conference on Communications

Ensuring Secrecy in MIMO Wiretap Channels with Imperfect CSIT: A Beamforming Approach

A. Mukherjee, Arnold Lee Swindlehurst

Published May 1, 2010• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate transmit beamforming schemes based on artificial interference for physical layer security in a multi-antenna wiretap channel. We consider the case where no information regarding the eavesdropper is present, and we use the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio of a single transmitted data stream as our performance metric. Using a second-order perturbation analysis, we quantify the degradation in performance due to imperfect CSI of the main channel at the transmitter. We then present a robust beamforming scheme that approaches the performance obtained in the perfect CSI case. Numerical simulations verify our analytical performance predictions, and illustrate the benefits of the robust beamforming scheme.

DOI
10.1109/icc.2010.5502043

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In this paper, we propose a new beamforming scheme for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian wiretap channels where the channel state information (CSI) from the eavesdropper is imperfectly known to the transmitter. A stochastic model is constructed to characterize the imperfect CSI of the eavesdropper, in which a factor 0 ≤ τ ≤ 1 is introduced to describe the degree of the available eavesdropper's channel knowledge at the transmitter. When τ varies from 0 to 1, the eavesdropper's channel knowledge available at the transmitter ranges from statistically known to perfectly known. We design the proposed beamforming scheme by maximizing a lower bound on the achievable secrecy rate. We first demonstrate that our scheme achieves higher secrecy rate than the existing eigenvalue decomposition-based beamforming scheme which is optimal for τ = 0. We then demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves higher secrecy rate than the existing generalized eigenvalue decomposition-based beamforming scheme which is optimal for τ = 1. Furthermore, we derive tight approximations for the proposed beamforming scheme in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime and the low SNR regime. The accuracy of these approximations is validated via numerical results. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves almost the same secrecy performance as the optimal beamforming solution that is obtained through numerical search.

Globecom•Dec 1, 2013•9 citations
In this paper, we investigate transmit beamforming schemes based on artificial interference for physical layer security in a multi-antenna wiretap channel. We consider the case where no information regarding the eavesdropper is present, and we use the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio of a single transmitted data stream as our performance metric. Using a second-order perturbation analysis, we quantify the degradation in performance due to imperfect CSI of the main channel at the transmitter. We then present a robust beamforming scheme that approaches the performance obtained in the perfect CSI case. Numerical simulations verify our analytical performance predictions, and illustrate the benefits of the robust beamforming scheme.
In this paper, we investigate methods for reducing the likelihood that a message transmitted between two multi-antenna nodes is intercepted by an undetected eavesdropper. In particular, we focus on the judicious transmission of artificial interference to mask the desired signal at the time it is broadcast. Unlike previous work that assumes some prior knowledge of the eavesdropper's channel and focuses on maximizing secrecy capacity, we consider the case where no information regarding the eavesdropper is available, and we use signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) as our performance metric. Specifically, we focus on the problem of maximizing the amount of power available to broadcast a jamming signal intended to hide the desired signal from a potential eavesdropper, while maintaining a prespecified SINR at the desired receiver. The jamming signal is designed to be orthogonal to the information signal when it reaches the desired receiver, assuming both the receiver and the eavesdropper employ optimal beamformers and possess exact channel state information (CSI). In practice, the assumption of perfect CSI at the transmitter is often difficult to justify. Therefore, we also study the resulting performance degradation due to the presence of imperfect CSI, and we present robust beamforming schemes that recover a large fraction of the performance in the perfect CSI case. Numerical simulations verify our analytical performance predictions, and illustrate the benefit of the robust beamforming schemes.
This paper studies secure wireless transmission from a multi-antenna transmitter to a single-antenna intended receiver overheard by multiple eavesdroppers with considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of wiretap channel.To enhance security of communication link, the artificial noise (AN) is generated at transmitter.We first design the robust joint optimal beamforming of secret signal and AN to minimize transmit power with constraints of security quality of service (QoS), i.e., minimum allowable signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at receiver and maximum tolerable SINR at eavesdroppers.The formulated design problem is shown to be nonconvex and we transfer it into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique is used and the approximated method is proved to solve the original problem exactly.To verify the robustness and tightness of proposed beamforming, we also provide a method to calculate the worst-case SINR at eavesdroppers for a designed transmit scheme using semidefinite programming (SDP).Additionally, the secrecy rate maximization is explored for fixed total transmit power.To tackle the nonconvexity of original formulation, we develop an iterative approach employing sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA).The simulation results illustrate that the proposed robust transmit schemes can effectively improve the transmit performance.
Physical layer security has recently emerged as a promising approach to provide secure wireless communications. Physical layer security technology is the key means to achieve security and communication integration. The built-in security mechanism based on the characteristics of wireless channel provides a feasible idea for the realization of “one secret at a time”. It has important application prospects in integrity protection of service data, Internet of things (IoT) lightweight encryption and blockchain wireless security technology. In this paper, we consider the scenario of a unicast multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink system in the presence of multiple single-antenna passive eavesdroppers. Instead of assuming perfect channel state information (CSI), we investigate the artificial noise (AN)-aided robust transmit beamforming scheme with imperfect CSI on legitimate receivers and no CSI regarding eavesdroppers at the transmitter. Under the fixed total transmit power, the information symbol and the AN are transmitted concurrently. We aim to guarantee each legitimate receiver's signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio(SINR) outage probability below a preset level with minimum power. Hence, as much power as possible can be allocated to AN to confuse the eavesdroppers. In order to reduce the negative impact on the legitimate receivers, the AN is transmitted in the null space of the estimated legitimate channels. To deal with this nonconvex optimization problem, a rank relaxed formulation is obtained by employing semidefinite relaxation (SDR). Then we propose two approaches by using Bernstein-type inequality and S-procedure, respectively, to transform the probabilistic constraints into deterministic constraints. The optimization problem is reformulated as a convex semidefinite program (SDP). Simulation results show that the proposed approaches have better performances than the non-robust approach.
This paper studies the achievable secrecy performance of multiple-input multiple-output wiretap channels in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) with practical low-complexity transmission schemes. In particular, we propose a general order transmit antenna selection and power-efficient output-threshold maximal ratio combining scheme. Two separate cases depending on the availability of the eavesdropper's CSI at the transmitter are considered. New closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability and the average secrecy rate are obtained. In addition, the secrecy diversity order and array gains, high signal-to-noise ratio slope, and power offset are characterized through asymptotic analysis, which enables the characterization of the effect of imprecise transmit antenna selection, output-threshold, and imperfect CSI on the secrecy performance. Numerical results are presented to validate the main outcomes of this paper.
This paper examines linear beamforming methods for secure communications in a multiuser wiretap channel with a single transmitter, multiple legitimate receivers, and a single eavesdropper, where all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. No information regarding the eavesdropper is presumed at the transmitter, and we examine both the broadcast MIMO downlink with independent information, and the multicast MIMO downlink with common information for all legitimate receivers. In both cases the information signal is transmitted with just enough power to guarantee a certain SINR at the desired receivers, while the remainder of the power is used to broadcast artificial noise. The artificial interference selectively degrades the passive eavesdropper's signal while remaining orthogonal to the desired receivers. We analyze the confidentiality provided by zero-forcing and optimal minimum-power beamforming designs for the broadcast channel, and optimal minimum-MSE beamformers for the multicast channel. Numerical simulations for the relative SINR and BER performance of the eavesdropper demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed physical-layer security schemes.
In this paper, we propose a new beamforming scheme for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian wiretap channels where the channel state information (CSI) from the eavesdropper is imperfectly known to the transmitter. A stochastic model is constructed to characterize the imperfect CSI of the eavesdropper, in which a factor 0 ≤ τ ≤ 1 is introduced to describe the degree of the available eavesdropper's channel knowledge at the transmitter. When τ varies from 0 to 1, the eavesdropper's channel knowledge available at the transmitter ranges from statistically known to perfectly known. We design the proposed beamforming scheme by maximizing a lower bound on the achievable secrecy rate. We first demonstrate that our scheme achieves higher secrecy rate than the existing eigenvalue decomposition-based beamforming scheme which is optimal for τ = 0. We then demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves higher secrecy rate than the existing generalized eigenvalue decomposition-based beamforming scheme which is optimal for τ = 1. Furthermore, we derive tight approximations for the proposed beamforming scheme in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime and the low SNR regime. The accuracy of these approximations is validated via numerical results. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves almost the same secrecy performance as the optimal beamforming solution that is obtained through numerical search.