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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Characteristics of transient amplification of noise waves in intersecting light beams

N. N. Zhukov, O. P. Zaskal'Ko, Ivan G. Kuznetsov

Published Nov 30, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A comparison is made of the characteristics of transient amplification of noise waves in a medium with a local inertial response in fields of one and two intersecting coherent optical beams. It is shown that in the case of intersecting optical beams of the same intensity the process of transient amplification of noise waves is suppressed along all directions, except those lying on a conical surface which passes through the original beams and has an axis perpendicular to the bisector of the angle of convergence of the beams.

DOI
10.1070/qe1990v020n11abeh007556

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A comparison is made of the characteristics of transient amplification of noise waves in a medium with a local inertial response in fields of one and two intersecting coherent optical beams. It is shown that in the case of intersecting optical beams of the same intensity the process of transient amplification of noise waves is suppressed along all directions, except those lying on a conical surface which passes through the original beams and has an axis perpendicular to the bisector of the angle of convergence of the beams.
An investigation was made of the transient process of formation of volume dynamic holograms by light within the spectral limits of the D 2 resonant absorption line of sodium. The observed asymmetry of the spectral distribution of the gain of the signal waves in the case of a concurrent interaction between four beams was attributed to different mechanisms of the interaction, the main of which were a four-wave interaction in the long-wavelength wing and transient two-beam energy transfer in the short-wavelength wing. The results obtained were used to recommend an experimental method for the determination of the relative contributions of these processes to the amplification of signal waves.
Introduction Most of the lightwave transmission systems operating today benefit fully from extensive deployment of optical amplifiers (OA). These components perform the amplification of optical intensity directly in the optical domain, without resorting to any electrical-domain regeneration. Optical amplifiers increase the average number of output photons per unit time by several orders of magnitude compared with the incoming signal intensity. However, as with every amplifying process, optical amplification cannot be achieved without paying back for the unavoidable noise power added to the signal intensity. As we will see in detail in Chapter 6, the optical amplification process comes with optical noise generated by spontaneous emission inside the active medium. The intensity of the optical signal is represented by the flux of the signal photon population. Conversely, the photons generated by the spontaneous emission process inside the optical cavity represent the noise photon population. The fundamental phenomenon supporting optical amplification is stimulated emission. The basic property of stimulated emission, making the great difference from spontaneous emission and enabling optical amplification, is the coherent nature of the photon generation process. Accordingly, both signal and noise photons go through the same multiplication process by means of stimulated emission. Unless the optical cavity where the stimulated emission takes place (the active cavity) presents selective features for enhancing the signal photon population relative to the spontaneous one, there is no way to avoid noise photons going through stimulated emission, filling most of the cavity population. As a consequence, both photon populations increase, leading respectively to amplified signal intensity and to amplified spontaneous emission intensity. It should be apparent that every noise photon can create a new identical noise photon as a result of stimulated emission, effectively increasing the noise intensity in the active optical cavity. This is the well-known mechanism of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise in optical amplification. Any improvement in the optical amplifier structure devoted to increasing stimulated over spontaneous emission will probably increase the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) at the cavity output. The spectrum of gain characteristic of the optical active medium is usually wide enough to support an efficient amplification of the broadband spontaneous emission spectrum, leading to the broadband ASE noise power spectral density.
A review of basic analytical results on coherent propagation of optical pulses through nondegenerate amplifying media is presented. Original numerical results concerning pulse coherent amplification by degenerate media and, in particular, by the amplifying medium of an iodine laser are described also. Furthermore, some analytical results on coherent effects in the pulsed mode of laser generation are given. We have pointed out that the stochastic mode of laser radiation is related also to the coherency of interaction of a laser field with matter.