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Journal of Optical Technology

Narrow-band fluorescence filters based on cesium vapor

V. N. Kulyasov, В. Б. Шилов, Г. М. Ермолаева

Published Sep 28, 2012• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The characteristics of narrow-band atomic fluorescence filters intended for separating out the useful signal on the background of broad-band noise radiation have been studied. Cesium vapors in a vacuum chamber and with additives of buffer gases are used as the working medium of the filters. It is shown that, under certain conditions, adding a buffer gas increases the quantum efficiency.

DOI
10.1364/jot.79.000605

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The characteristics of narrow-band atomic fluorescence filters intended for separating out the useful signal on the background of broad-band noise radiation have been studied. Cesium vapors in a vacuum chamber and with additives of buffer gases are used as the working medium of the filters. It is shown that, under certain conditions, adding a buffer gas increases the quantum efficiency.
The dependence of the quantum efficiency of fluorescence cesium vapor filters, which allow one to select with a high contrast the desired narrow-band signal against the background of broadband (solar) radiation, is studied. The most important characteristic of such filters, apart from the spectral band, is the quantum efficiency; i.e., the ratio of the number of florescent photons to the number of absorbed photons of excitation. It is experimentally shown that addition of a buffer gas to working cesium atoms can substantially increase the quantum efficiency as compared with that of working atoms in vacuum. The dependence of the quantum efficiency on the characteristic of transitions that are involved in population of atomic levels from which fluorescence occurs, and the processes resulting in an increase in the quantum efficiency of atomic fluorescence filters are considered.
A direct experiment is performed to determine the quantum efficiency of a cesium fluorescence filter. The fluorescence spectra of cesium atoms are recorded under excitation of the upper states of the second resonance doublet with a Bell–Bloom cesium lamp. Introduction of different noble gases into the cell with cesium leads to the appearance of additional fluorescence photons. It is found that a fluorescence filter based on atomic cesium vapor with addition of helium in the working cell has the highest efficiency and response rate of all known fluorescence filters based on alkali-metal atomic vapors.
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was studied in the 400–1000 nm wavelength range using narrow-band 852 nm laser radiation resonant with Cs atomic 6S1/2 → 6P3/2 transition. T-shaped cells made entirely of technical sapphire with thicknesses of L = 1 cm, 40 μm, and ~400 nm, containing cesium atomic vapor, were used. It was shown that with the cell thickness decrease (from centimeters to nanometer thicknesses), many LIF signals are suppressed due to an increase in the number of atomic collisions with the walls, leading to quenching of excited states. By recording the LIF signal, it is also possible to estimate the amount of residual Rb atomic vapor (if any exists) in the Cs-containing cell. The Cs vapor cell can serve as an efficient optical frequency converter filter and has other applications.