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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Propagation characteristics of fast light in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier

Senfar Wen, Sien Chi

Published May 29, 2008• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A perturbation method is used to study the interactions among the signal power, pump power, and metastable population density for fast light in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The impact of temporal pump depletion (TPD) on fast light is investigated in which TPD is the response of the pump power to the temporal variation of the metastable population density. It is found that the gain coefficient and the absolute value of the negative group velocity are overestimated without considering the TPD. The effects of high-order dispersions on fast light are also shown.

DOI
10.1364/josab.25.001073

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A perturbation method is used to study the interactions among the signal power, pump power, and metastable population density for fast light in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The impact of temporal pump depletion (TPD) on fast light is investigated in which TPD is the response of the pump power to the temporal variation of the metastable population density. It is found that the gain coefficient and the absolute value of the negative group velocity are overestimated without considering the TPD. The effects of high-order dispersions on fast light are also shown.
The slow light propagation in optical fiber has attracted much attention because of its practical applications. Use of coherent population oscillation to produce slow light propagation has many advantages over other methods. We investigate the reduction of the group velocity propagation by the coherent population oscillation in erbium-doped optical fiber, and also the relationship between the population of metastable state and the time delay by changing the doping concentration, the length of the fiber, the input power, and the pump power. The results show that we can select a high doping concentration of erbium in the fiber, increase the length of the fiber, decrease the pump power and select the appropriate power of the signal light to increases the time delay.
We analyze the effect of pump configuration on the propagation velocity of an amplitude-modulated 1536 nm signal propagating through an ultra-highly doped erbium fiber amplifier. The nonlinear effects arising from the high value of the doping level lead to a strong variation of the pump power and signal gain along the fiber. We found that bidirectional pumping presents larger advancements than co-propagating and counter-propagating configurations. Numerical simulations allow us to explain the phenomenon in terms of the gain profile uniformity.
According to the analysis of gain theory, the absorption or gain of medium depends on pump power. The coherent population oscillation leads the pulse to experience absorption saturation and propagation delay in a medium with absorption. This effect induces the pulse to experience gain saturation and propagation advance in a medium with gain. Making use of the transition rate equation of metastable state poplation, we develop the model of fast light in erbium-doped optical fiber and obtain the analytic expression of time advance. We demonstrate that there is a saturation effect of fast light in low frequency region, but the fast light is enhanced with pump power increasing in high frequency region.
The time-frequency characteristics of the transient response of dynamic gratings in erbium-doped fiber are different from stable gratings, which make it has great application value in the fields of fiber laser and optical fiber sensing. In consideration of the time domain characteristics, a time domain response model was built, which was based on metastable Er3+ population rate equation and light field transmission equation. The model simulated the process of establishing dynamic gratings in erbium-doped fiber with time sequence. And the theoretical results showed that the formation time of the dynamic grating gets shorter with higher pump power and shorter Erbium-doped fiber length within the effective length limits, which was consistent with the experimental results obtained by the so called “Strong light and weak light alternation” method except that the measured formation time decay ranges obviously migrated to lower pump power relative to the theoretical results. In consideration of the frequency domain characteristics, the transient two-wave mixing process was approximately simulated by using four-wave mixing equation. The transient reflectance spectra obtained through numerical calculation reflected the evolution rule of the dynamic gratings, which were coincident with the experimental results gotten by the rapid optical frequency modulation method. Under the condition of 1.8m Erbium-doped fiber, the experimental results showed that the turning saturated pump light power from the absorption type dynamic gratings to the gain type ones is about 0.05mW, the maximum relative reflectance variation of the gain dynamic gratings (3%) is 3 times of the absorption types. The measurement results have important references to the practical application of Erbium-doped fiber dynamic gratings.
This work experimentally demonstrates improvement of the fast light property in erbium-doped amplifiers at room temperature. The difference between the signal power and the pump power associated with bending loss is used to control the signal power at the different positions of the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to improve the fast light property. Periodic bending of the EDF increases the time advance of the probe signal by over 288%. Additionally, this concept also could improve the fast light property using coherent population oscillations in semiconductor optical amplifiers.