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Journal of Mathematical Physics

A model for the stochastic origins of Schrödinger’s equation

Mark P. Davidson

Published Sep 1, 1979• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A model for the motion of a charged particle in the vacuum is presented which, although purely classical in concept, yields Schrödinger’s equation as a solution. It suggests that the origins of the peculiar and nonclassical features of quantum mechanics are actually inherent in a statistical description of the radiative reactive force.

DOI
10.1063/1.524304

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A model for the motion of a charged particle in the vacuum is presented which, although purely classical in concept, yields Schrödinger’s equation as a solution. It suggests that the origins of the peculiar and nonclassical features of quantum mechanics are actually inherent in a statistical description of the radiative reactive force.
From the equation of motion for a radiating charged particle embedded in the zero-point radiation field we construct a stochastic Liouville equation which serves to derive, by a smoothing process, a Fokker–Planck-type equation with infinite memory. We show that an exact alternative form of this phase-space equation is the Schrödinger equation in configuration space, with radiative corrections. In the asymptotic, radiationless limit (when the radiative corrections became negligible), the phase-space density reduces to Wigner’s distribution, thus confirming Weyl’s rule of correspondence. We briefly discuss several other implications of stochastic electrodynamics which are relevant for quantum theory in general.
It is argued that, contrary to conventional wisdom, no trustworthy universal self-force/radiative corrections to the Lorentz force equation, can be derived from the basic tenets of classical electrodynamics. This concords with the apparent randomness observed in quantum mechanical scattering experiments and with the absence of any experimental support for such universality. In a recent paper [11], the statistical effect of radiative corrections to the motion of charged bodies has been derived from the basic tenets and does take a universal form, described by quantum mechanical wave equations -- again conforming with experiment. As that derivation assumes nothing about the size, mass or composition of the body, it is conjectured that quantum mechanics is the appropriate framework for dealing also with radiative corrections to the motion of macroscopic bodies.
As its name suggests, Schrodinger’s equation is the brain child of Schrodinger and was first disclosed in 1926 in a paper entitled An Undulatory Theory of the Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules . Schrodinger begins by considering the dynamics of a particle moving through a force field. The Schrodinger’s equation is arrived at in an alternative heuristic path modeled after Haken. The Schrodinger’s equation is a wave equation that incorporates classical particle concepts, and classical wave function concepts, in its derivation. In other words, a heuristic approach to Schrodinger’s equation utilizes Max Planck’s quantum energy, classical kinetic energy of a free particle, and the classical “wave functions of ordinary wave optics.” Schrodinger’s equation is capable of explaining all atomic phenomena except those involving magnetism and relativity.
We first point out that nonrelativistic quantum mechanics formulated at imaginary time s = it can formally be recognized as the Fokker-Planck description of a classical Brownian motion, which occurs (in general) in a medium where particles are absorbed and emitted. We next offer a new formulation of quantum dynamics, which is basically the Langevin treatment of that Brownian motion. More explicitly, we derive a noise average representation of the transition probability W ( X", s"|X', s' ) in terms of the solutions to a Langevin equation with a Gaussian white noise. Upon analytic continuation back to real time W ( X", s"|X', s' ) becomes the propagator of the original Schrödinger equation, namely we have ⟨ X", t"|X', t' ⟩ = W ( X", it"|X', it' ). The main advantage of this approach is to permit a systematic application to quantum-dynamical problems of the mathematical techniques developed in the theory of classical stochastic processes, even when vector potentials and/or time-dependent potentials are present.