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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Vacuum Rabi Splitting Observed on a Microscopic Atomic Sample in a Microwave Cavity

F. Bernardot, P. Nussenzveig, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, S. Haroche

Published Jan 1, 1992• 114 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed the vacuum Rabi splitting on a beam of Rydberg atoms resonantly coupled to a high- Q superconducting cavity mode. The splitting is resolved down to five atoms on average inside the cavity and only three atoms resonant with the mode.
DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/17/1/007

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The coupling of atoms to high Q cavities results in strong modifications of the field and atomic frequencies. These effects are most conveniently analyzed in the ‘‘dressed atom’’ point of view. The vacuum Rabi splitting of the atom‐cavity resonance lines is now being observed in optical and microwave experiments where small samples of atoms resonantly interact with an empty cavity mode. Observation of this effect on a single atom coupled to a cavity vacuum is a realistic goal for experiments. Similar shifts are expected when the cavity mode is weakly excited. The detection of these shifts appears very promising for Quantum nondemolition measurements of very small photon numbers. We propose an experiment in which a microwave field stored in a high Q cavity is continuously monitored with the help of a non‐resonant beam of slow circular Rydberg atoms and we discuss possible applications of this method.
We report on recent progress in our lab involving cavity quantum electrodynamics with optically trapped atoms. \n \nIn particular, we will focus on a recent measurement of the Vacuum-Rabi splitting for one atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator. This splitting is characteristic of the normal modes in the eigenvalue spectrum of the atom-cavity system. A new Raman scheme for cooling atomic motion along the cavity axis enables a complete spectrum to be recorded for an individual atom trapped within the cavity mode, in contrast to all previous measurements in cavity QED that have required averaging over many atoms.