Optics Letters

Measurement of ^1D_2 → ^1F_3 microwave transitions in strontium Rydberg states using selective resonance ionization

William E. Cooke, Thomas F. Gallagher

Published Jun 1, 1979• 14 citations

Abstract

A new technique for state-selective detection of highly excited atoms is reported. It is usable over a much wider range of quantum numbers than previously available methods and has excellent time resolution. The high-state selectivity is used to measure the 5s(n + 2)d,(1)D(2) ? 5snf, (1)F(3) microwave transitions in strontium for n = 38-40.

DOI: 10.1364/ol.4.000173

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Use of autoionization to measure microwave-driven transitions between high-n strontium Rydberg states

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Technique to study Rydberg states by multiphoton ionization spectroscopy

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Journal of the Optical Society of America BJan 1, 19886 citations

Optics Letters

Measurement of ^1D_2 → ^1F_3 microwave transitions in strontium Rydberg states using selective resonance ionization

William E. Cooke, Thomas F. Gallagher

Published Jun 1, 1979• 14 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/ol.4.000173

Related papers

Use of autoionization to measure microwave-driven transitions between high-n strontium Rydberg states

R. Brienza, G. Fields, F. B. Dunning

The use of autoionization as a tool to quantitatively analyze transitions between high-n strontium Rydberg states with low-to-intermediate values of L is described and is demonstrated through observations of Rabi oscillations when driving 5snf 1F3 → 5s(n + 1)g 1G4, 5snf 1F3 → 5s(n + 2)h 1H5, and 5snp 1P1 → 5s(n + 1)d 1D2 transitions using microwave fields. The technique is shown to offer advantages when compared to selective field ionization and can be used with other alkaline-earth and alkaline-earth-like metals.The use of autoionization as a tool to quantitatively analyze transitions between high-n strontium Rydberg states with low-to-intermediate values of L is described and is demonstrated through observations of Rabi oscillations when driving 5snf 1F3 → 5s(n + 1)g 1G4, 5snf 1F3 → 5s(n + 2)h 1H5, and 5snp 1P1 → 5s(n + 1)d 1D2 transitions using microwave fields. The technique is shown to offer advantages when compared to selective field ionization and can be used with other alkaline-earth and alkaline-earth-like metals.

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Rydberg atoms have a long history of scientific research, but they have recently seen a resurgence in popularity due to their advantages when dealing with coupled internal Rydberg states, or externally-coupled Rydberg atoms. The use of convenient RF and/or microwave generation techniques allows for straightforward coupling of many nearby Rydberg states, enabling quantum simulation studies, such as the generation of a synthetic lattice. Strontium is particularly attractive for Rydberg atom studies due to its optically active core, which allows for two-electron excited states and its conveniently accessible transition frequencies that match those available using commercial diode lasers. Before these experiments and applications can be realized however, precise knowledge of Rydberg state energies and quantum defects is required. Therefore, this work undertakes an extensive study of the quantum defects of both singly and doubly-excited strontium Rydberg atoms for a wide range of n and l. Precision microwave spectroscopy between nearby Rydberg states produces an improved self-consistent set of quantum defects for singly-excited 1S0, 1P1, 1D2, and 1F3 states, described by their corresponding Rydberg-Ritz parameters. Quantum defects and lifetimes for autoionizing two-electron-states are also presented. These elucidate the effects of core penetration by the “outer” excited Rydberg electron on transitions within the core ion and on the Rydberg level itself.Rydberg atoms have a long history of scientific research, but they have recently seen a resurgence in popularity due to their advantages when dealing with coupled internal Rydberg states, or externally-coupled Rydberg atoms. The use of convenient RF and/or microwave generation techniques allows for straightforward coupling of many nearby Rydberg states, enabling quantum simulation studies, such as the generation of a synthetic lattice. Strontium is particularly attractive for Rydberg atom studies due to its optically active core, which allows for two-electron excited states and its conveniently accessible transition frequencies that match those available using commercial diode lasers. Before these experiments and applications can be realized however, precise knowledge of Rydberg state energies and quantum defects is required. Therefore, this work undertakes an extensive study of the quantum defects of both singly and doubly-excited strontium Rydberg atoms for a wide range of n and l. Precision microwave spectroscopy between nearby Rydberg states produces an improved self-consistent set of quantum defects for singly-excited 1S0, 1P1, 1D2, and 1F3 states, described by their corresponding Rydberg-Ritz parameters. Quantum defects and lifetimes for autoionizing two-electron-states are also presented. These elucidate the effects of core penetration by the “outer” excited Rydberg electron on transitions within the core ion and on the Rydberg level itself.

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Quantum defects of n F J levels of Cs Rydberg atoms

Jingxu Bai, Rong Song, Jiabei Fan +4 more

We present precise measurements of the quantum defects of cesium $n{F}_{J}$ Rydberg levels. We employ high-precision microwave spectroscopy of $(n+2){D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{F}_{5/2,7/2}$ transitions for $n=45$ to 50 in a cold-atom setup. Cold cesium $(n+2){D}_{5/2}$ atoms, prepared via two-photon laser excitation, are probed by scanning weak microwave fields interacting with the atoms across the $n{F}_{5/2,7/2}$ resonances. Transition spectra are acquired using state-selective electric-field ionization and time-gated ion detection. Transition-frequency intervals are obtained by Lorentzian fits to the measured spectral lines, which have linewidths ranging between 70 and 190 kHz, corresponding to about one to three times the Fourier limit. A comprehensive analysis of relevant line-shift uncertainties and line-broadening effects is conducted. We find quantum defect parameters ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{5/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}415\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}37(70)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2014(16)$, as well as ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{7/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}564\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}6(13)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{7/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2052(29)$, for $J=5/2$ and $7/2$ , respectively. Fine-structure parameters ${A}_{\mathrm{FS}}$ and ${B}_{\mathrm{FS}}$ for Cs $n{F}_{J}$ are also obtained. Results are discussed in context with previous works, and the significance of the results is discussed.We present precise measurements of the quantum defects of cesium $n{F}_{J}$ Rydberg levels. We employ high-precision microwave spectroscopy of $(n+2){D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{F}_{5/2,7/2}$ transitions for $n=45$ to 50 in a cold-atom setup. Cold cesium $(n+2){D}_{5/2}$ atoms, prepared via two-photon laser excitation, are probed by scanning weak microwave fields interacting with the atoms across the $n{F}_{5/2,7/2}$ resonances. Transition spectra are acquired using state-selective electric-field ionization and time-gated ion detection. Transition-frequency intervals are obtained by Lorentzian fits to the measured spectral lines, which have linewidths ranging between 70 and 190 kHz, corresponding to about one to three times the Fourier limit. A comprehensive analysis of relevant line-shift uncertainties and line-broadening effects is conducted. We find quantum defect parameters ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{5/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}415\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}37(70)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2014(16)$, as well as ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{7/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}564\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}6(13)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{7/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2052(29)$, for $J=5/2$ and $7/2$, respectively. Fine-structure parameters ${A}_{\mathrm{FS}}$ and ${B}_{\mathrm{FS}}$ for Cs $n{F}_{J}$ are also obtained. Results are discussed in context with previous works, and the significance of the results is discussed.

arXiv:2304.07974Physical Review AAug 8, 202313 citations

Microwave spectroscopy and Zeeman effect of cesium ( n + 2 ) D 5 / 2 → n F J Rydberg transitions

Jingxu Bai, Rong Song, Xijun Li +4 more

We report on high-resolution microwave spectroscopy of cesium Rydberg $(n+2){D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{F}_{J}$ transitions in a cold atomic gas. Atoms laser-cooled and trapped in a magnetic-optical trap are prepared in the $D$ Rydberg state using a two-step laser excitation scheme. A microwave field transmitted into the chamber with a microwave horn drives the Rydberg transitions, which are probed via state selective field ionization. Varying duration and power of the microwave pulse, we observe Fourier sideband spectra as well as damped, on-resonant Rabi oscillations with pulse areas up to $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3\ensuremath{\pi}$. Furthermore, we investigate the Zeeman effect of the clearly resolved $n{F}_{J}$ fine-structure levels in fields up to 120 mG, where the transition into $n{F}_{7/2}$ displays a thee-peak Zeeman pattern, while $n{F}_{5/2}$ shows a two-peak pattern. Our theoretical models explain all observed spectral characteristics, showing good agreement with the experiment. Our measurements provide a pathway for the study of high-angular-momentum Rydberg states, initialization and coherent manipulation of such states, Rydberg-atom macrodimers, and other Rydberg-atom interactions. Furthermore, the presented methods are suitable for calibration of microwave radiation as well as for nulling and calibration of dc magnetic fields in experimental chambers for cold atoms.We report on high-resolution microwave spectroscopy of cesium Rydberg $(n+2){D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{F}_{J}$ transitions in a cold atomic gas. Atoms laser-cooled and trapped in a magnetic-optical trap are prepared in the $D$ Rydberg state using a two-step laser excitation scheme. A microwave field transmitted into the chamber with a microwave horn drives the Rydberg transitions, which are probed via state selective field ionization. Varying duration and power of the microwave pulse, we observe Fourier sideband spectra as well as damped, on-resonant Rabi oscillations with pulse areas up to $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3\ensuremath{\pi}$. Furthermore, we investigate the Zeeman effect of the clearly resolved $n{F}_{J}$ fine-structure levels in fields up to 120 mG, where the transition into $n{F}_{7/2}$ displays a thee-peak Zeeman pattern, while $n{F}_{5/2}$ shows a two-peak pattern. Our theoretical models explain all observed spectral characteristics, showing good agreement with the experiment. Our measurements provide a pathway for the study of high-angular-momentum Rydberg states, initialization and coherent manipulation of such states, Rydberg-atom macrodimers, and other Rydberg-atom interactions. Furthermore, the presented methods are suitable for calibration of microwave radiation as well as for nulling and calibration of dc magnetic fields in experimental chambers for cold atoms.

arXiv:2309.04749Physical Review AFeb 27, 20246 citations

Technique to study Rydberg states by multiphoton ionization spectroscopy

R. D. Verma, Alak Chanda

Journal of the Optical Society of America BJan 1, 19886 citations

We present precise measurements of the quantum defects of cesium

n{F}_{J}

Rydberg levels. We employ high-precision microwave spectroscopy of $(n+2){D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{F}_{5/2,7/2}$ transitions for

n=45

to 50 in a cold-atom setup. Cold cesium

(n+2){D}_{5/2}

atoms, prepared via two-photon laser excitation, are probed by scanning weak microwave fields interacting with the atoms across the

n{F}_{5/2,7/2}

resonances. Transition spectra are acquired using state-selective electric-field ionization and time-gated ion detection. Transition-frequency intervals are obtained by Lorentzian fits to the measured spectral lines, which have linewidths ranging between 70 and 190 kHz, corresponding to about one to three times the Fourier limit. A comprehensive analysis of relevant line-shift uncertainties and line-broadening effects is conducted. We find quantum defect parameters ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{5/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}415\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}37(70)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2014(16)$, as well as ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{7/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}564\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}6(13)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{7/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2052(29)$, for

J=5/2

and

7/2

, respectively. Fine-structure parameters

{A}_{\mathrm{FS}}

and

{B}_{\mathrm{FS}}

for Cs

n{F}_{J}

are also obtained. Results are discussed in context with previous works, and the significance of the results is discussed.

D

Rydberg state using a two-step laser excitation scheme. A microwave field transmitted into the chamber with a microwave horn drives the Rydberg transitions, which are probed via state selective field ionization. Varying duration and power of the microwave pulse, we observe Fourier sideband spectra as well as damped, on-resonant Rabi oscillations with pulse areas up to $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3\ensuremath{\pi}$. Furthermore, we investigate the Zeeman effect of the clearly resolved

n{F}_{J}

fine-structure levels in fields up to 120 mG, where the transition into

n{F}_{7/2}

displays a thee-peak Zeeman pattern, while

n{F}_{5/2}

shows a two-peak pattern. Our theoretical models explain all observed spectral characteristics, showing good agreement with the experiment. Our measurements provide a pathway for the study of high-angular-momentum Rydberg states, initialization and coherent manipulation of such states, Rydberg-atom macrodimers, and other Rydberg-atom interactions. Furthermore, the presented methods are suitable for calibration of microwave radiation as well as for nulling and calibration of dc magnetic fields in experimental chambers for cold atoms.