Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Technique to study Rydberg states by multiphoton ionization spectroscopy

R. D. Verma, Alak Chanda

Published Jan 1, 1988• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new technique to study the Rydberg states of the barium atom has been developed. In this technique a multiphoton ionization signal is detected by selective excitation of the ground-state ion (6s) to an excited state (6p), which results in a collimated amplified spontaneous emission signal at the 6p → 5d transition of Ba+. Discrete Rydberg states, 6snl (l = 0, 2), as well as autoionizing Rydberg states, 5dnl (l = 0, 2) and 6pnl (l = 0, 2) are observed by this novel but simple method.

DOI
10.1364/josab.5.000086

Related papers

A new technique to study Rydberg states by multiphoton ionization spectroscopy

R. D. Verma, Alak Chanda

A new technique to study the Rydberg states of the Ba atom has been developed. In this technique a Multiphoton Ionization signal is detected by selective excitation of the ground state ion (6s) to an excited state (6p), which results in a collimated Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) signal at the 6p→5d transition of Ba+. Discrete Rydberg states, 6snl (l=0,2), as well as autoionizing Rydberg states, 5dnl (l=0,2) and 6pnl (l=0,2) are observed by this novel but very simple method.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1988•0 citations

A NEW TECHNIQUE TO STUDY RYDBERG STATES BY MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY

R. D. Verma, Alak Chanda

A new technique to study the Rydberg states of the Ba atom has been developed. In this technique a Multiphoton Ionization signal is detected by selective excitation of the ground state ion (6s) to an excited state (6p), which results in a collimated Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) signal at the 6p→5d transition of Ba*. Discrete Rydberg states, 6snℓ (ℓ=0,2), as well as autoionizing Rydberg states, 5dnℓ (ℓ=0,2) and 6pnℓ (ℓ=0,2) are observed by this novel but very simple method.

Le Journal de Physique Colloques•Dec 1, 1987•1 citation

Spectroscopy of autoionizing states using state-selective ion detection

G. T. Xu, Xinqiang Wang, William E. Cooke

The authors have measured the population in each of the 5d 3/2 (m j ) ion states following autoionization of the (6p 3/2 nd) J=MJ=3 state by using a circularly polarized laser to excite the Ba + 5d 3/2 to 6p 1 2/ transition, and observing the polarized fluorescence of the Ba + 6p 1/2 to 6s 1/2 transition. The branching ratios for autoionization into each of the 5d 3/2 in l j channels can be related to these ion populations by using angular momentum algebra. The fractions of ions found in the m j =+3/2, +1/2, -1/2 and -3.2 state of the 5d 3/2 ion states were 5.9(+or-2.6)%, 4.5(+or-1.9)%, 3.2(+or-1.3)% and 1.9(+or-0.6)% respectively. This method can easily be generalized to measure the branching ratio for autoonization into other ion states.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Mar 14, 1993•2 citations

Multiphoton ionization of barium with a tunable pulsed laser in the range 570-608 nm

Sanjay G. Nakhate, S. A. Ahmad, M. A. N. Razvi +1 more

Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of barium atom using an excimer-pumped pulsed dye laser has been studied in the wavelength range 570-608 nm at a laser intensity approximately 10.0 GW cm -2 . Resonances in MPI were recorded by monitoring either the ions produced in the multiphoton process using a thermionic detector or fluorescence from the ions formed in their various excited states of Ba + . The observation of photoion and fluorescence spectra were made on Ba vapour in the heat-pipe oven in the moderate-density regime ( approximately 10 13 atoms/cm 3 ) so that the collisional effects are negligible. Fine-structure resolution of the final ionic state (6p 2 P 1/2,3/2 ), produced after four-photon autoionizing decay was obtained. The decay of the Ba atom after four-photon absorption preferentially populates the 6p 2 P 3/2 state relative to the 6p 2 P 1/2 state.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Dec 14, 1991•12 citations

Inner-electron multiphoton ionization of barium Rydberg states with picosecond pulses

Henrik Stapelfeldt, Dimitrios G. Papaioannou, Lambertus D. Noordam +1 more

We have studied multiphoton ionization of Ba 6snl Rydberg states by intense ps pulses and have shown that the duration of the laser pulse compared to the orbit time of the Rydberg electron determines the laser-atom interaction. For high-n states with a long orbit time, the loosely bound Rydberg electron is not affected by the intense laser pulse. Instead the inner electron is ejected by absorption of five photons, leaving the ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ ion in a Rydberg state. For low-n states the outer electron is ejected and the residual ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ ion can subsequently be multiphoton ionized to ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{++}$.

Physical Review Letters•Dec 2, 1991•56 citations

Double-Rydberg spectroscopy of the barium atom

Jacques Boulmer, Pierre Camus, P. Pillet

Methods of excitation and analysis of double-Rydberg states of the neutral barium atom are discussed. Spectra of 9dn′d double-Rydberg series of barium are studied and interpreted in a two-channel quantum-defect model. An example of stabilization for the 9d5/227d state is shown. We propose a new investigative method for Rydberg levels of the Ba+ ion that is based on a microwave-ionization process coupled with a double time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This novel setup permits us to obtain initial experimental evidence of highly excited double-Rydberg states, 26dn′p and 27sn′p (n′ ≳ 45), of the barium atom.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 1, 1987•43 citations
A new technique to study the Rydberg states of the barium atom has been developed. In this technique a multiphoton ionization signal is detected by selective excitation of the ground-state ion (6s) to an excited state (6p), which results in a collimated amplified spontaneous emission signal at the 6p → 5d transition of Ba+. Discrete Rydberg states, 6snl (l = 0, 2), as well as autoionizing Rydberg states, 5dnl (l = 0, 2) and 6pnl (l = 0, 2) are observed by this novel but simple method.
The authors have measured the population in each of the 5d 3/2 (m j ) ion states following autoionization of the (6p 3/2 nd) J=MJ=3 state by using a circularly polarized laser to excite the Ba + 5d 3/2 to 6p 1 2/ transition, and observing the polarized fluorescence of the Ba + 6p 1/2 to 6s 1/2 transition. The branching ratios for autoionization into each of the 5d 3/2 in l j channels can be related to these ion populations by using angular momentum algebra. The fractions of ions found in the m j =+3/2, +1/2, -1/2 and -3.2 state of the 5d 3/2 ion states were 5.9(+or-2.6)%, 4.5(+or-1.9)%, 3.2(+or-1.3)% and 1.9(+or-0.6)% respectively. This method can easily be generalized to measure the branching ratio for autoonization into other ion states.
Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of barium atom using an excimer-pumped pulsed dye laser has been studied in the wavelength range 570-608 nm at a laser intensity approximately 10.0 GW cm -2 . Resonances in MPI were recorded by monitoring either the ions produced in the multiphoton process using a thermionic detector or fluorescence from the ions formed in their various excited states of Ba + . The observation of photoion and fluorescence spectra were made on Ba vapour in the heat-pipe oven in the moderate-density regime ( approximately 10 13 atoms/cm 3 ) so that the collisional effects are negligible. Fine-structure resolution of the final ionic state (6p 2 P 1/2,3/2 ), produced after four-photon autoionizing decay was obtained. The decay of the Ba atom after four-photon absorption preferentially populates the 6p 2 P 3/2 state relative to the 6p 2 P 1/2 state.
We have studied multiphoton ionization of Ba 6snl Rydberg states by intense ps pulses and have shown that the duration of the laser pulse compared to the orbit time of the Rydberg electron determines the laser-atom interaction. For high-n states with a long orbit time, the loosely bound Rydberg electron is not affected by the intense laser pulse. Instead the inner electron is ejected by absorption of five photons, leaving the Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+ ion in a Rydberg state. For low-n states the outer electron is ejected and the residual Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+ ion can subsequently be multiphoton ionized to Ba++{\mathrm{Ba}}^{++}Ba++.
Methods of excitation and analysis of double-Rydberg states of the neutral barium atom are discussed. Spectra of 9dn′d double-Rydberg series of barium are studied and interpreted in a two-channel quantum-defect model. An example of stabilization for the 9d5/227d state is shown. We propose a new investigative method for Rydberg levels of the Ba+ ion that is based on a microwave-ionization process coupled with a double time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This novel setup permits us to obtain initial experimental evidence of highly excited double-Rydberg states, 26dn′p and 27sn′p (n′ ≳ 45), of the barium atom.