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Journal de Physique Lettres

Nuclear alignment of the 1S0 ground state of 21 Ne by electron pumping using R-F discharge

F. Stoeckel, M. Lombardi, J.C. Pébay-Peyroula

Published Jan 1, 1974• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Nuclear alignment is created in 21Ne atoms by means of electron pumping using a radio-frequency discharge. The nuclear aligment was observed by monitoring the change of the linear polarization of several optical transitions.
DOI
10.1051/jphyslet:0197400350404500

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In the optical excitation of atoms with polarized light, producing excited atoms, only some of the Zeeman sublevels of the excited state are actually reached, so that large differences of population can be built up between Zeeman sublevels or between hyperfine structure (hfs) levels. This property can be used to detect radio-frequency resonance in optically excited atomic states. These resonances produce a characteristic change in intensity or in the degree of polarization of the light re-emitted. Zeeman intervals, Stark effects, and hfs intervals can be measured in this manner. (The Stark constant of the 63P1 level of Hg and the electric quadrupole moments of the alkali atoms have been obtained in this way.)The technique of “optical pumping” gives a way to concentrate atoms in some of the Zeeman sublevels of one of the hfs levels of the ground state.Atomic orientation has been obtained with the Na atom, in an atomic beam and in the vapor in equilibrium with the metal. The orientation effects have been studied by detection of radio-frequency resonance signals in the ground state. Orientation can be increased many times by adding a variable pressure of a foreign gas to the pure Na vapor. Because of the coupling between nuclear spin and electron spin, nuclear orientation is produced at the same time as atomic orientation.
Electronic and nuclear spin relaxation of optically pumped K atoms has been measured in the presence of He and Ne gases. The nuclear-spin-independent cross sections for the destruction of electronic spin polarization in the 42S124^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}42S21​​ ground state of K are $\ensuremath{\sigma}[\ensuremath{\gamma}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{N}})](\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{He})=8.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}25}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 and $\ensuremath{\sigma}[\ensuremath{\gamma}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{N}})](\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ne})=141\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}25}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. The diffusion coefficients of K in He and Ne, corrected to 273 K, are ${D}_{0}(\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{He})=0.35$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${D}_{0}(\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ne})=0.19$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. All measurements have an estimated uncertainty of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10%. The relaxation of K is shown to be strongly affected by an anomalous process which is attributed to the modification of the K hyperfine interaction induced by the formation of K-He and K-Ne van der Waals complexes.
The work reported in this thesis consists of an investigation into three aspects of optical pumping in Helium. Optical pumping in He⁴ This work was initially directed towards repeating the observations of Colegrove and Franken (ref. 2), who first reported experiments to produce atomic alignment by optical pumping in He⁴. This was achieved, and the theory and experiments were extended to cover the case of polarisation. The 2³S₁ term in He⁴ is metastable and is used as the ground level in an optical pumping experiment. The metastable atoms are created by exciting a weak electrodeless glow discharge in low pressure He⁴ gas. [To continue reading the abstract please see the pdf]
Traditionally, atomic spin orientation is achieved by the transfer of angular momentum from polarized light to an atomic system. We demonstrate the mechanism of orientation generation in room-temperature caesium vapors that combines three elements: optical pumping, nonlinear spin dynamics, and spin-exchange collisions. Through the variation of the spin-exchange relaxation rate, the transition between an aligned and an oriented atomic sample is presented. The observation is performed by monitoring the atomic radio-frequency spectra. The measurement configuration discussed paves the way to simple and robust radio-frequency atomic magnetometers that are based on a single low-power laser diode that approach the performance of multilaser pump-probe systems.