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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Suppression of AC Stark shift in Raman spectroscopy of optically trapped molecules

Masatoshi Kajita

Published Nov 10, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The variation of proton–electron mass ratio can be tested through precise measurements of the transition frequency of ultracold diatomic molecules confined in an optical trap. We propose to measure resonant frequency via the Raman transition induced by an intense trapping laser beam and a weak probe laser beam. By tuning the trap laser to a specific frequency at which the AC Stark shift is cancelled, the relative frequency shift on the Raman transition can be reduced to below 10 −16 .

DOI
10.7567/jjap.53.128001

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Precision measurements of the X 2 Σ( v , N ) = (0, 0) → ( v u , 0) ( v u = 1, 2, 3, 4) transition frequencies from optically trapped 88 Sr 6 Li and 40 Ca 6 Li molecules are proposed, with the intention to test the variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio m p / m e . The Stark shifts induced by the trap and Raman lasers are eliminated by choosing appropriate frequencies (magic frequencies). These transitions are measurable with an uncertainty lower than 10 −16 and can be used to test the variation in m p / m e , as already shown with 174 Yb 6 Li molecular transitions.
We demonstrate that when laser light is circularly polarized and properly detuned, the ac Stark shift of an alkali-metal atom in its ground state takes the form of a pure Zeeman shift. The condition is satisfied when the laser frequency is between the D1D1D1 and D2D2D2 transition frequencies, with the size of the detuning from the D2D2D2 resonance twice that from the D1D1D1 resonance. The direction of the effective magnetic field is along the laser propagation axis, and its magnitude is proportional to the vector polarizability of the atom and to the laser intensity. We use stimulated Raman spectroscopy on an optically pumped slow atomic beam from a magneto-optical trap to measure the vector polarizability and saturated absorption spectroscopy to show that the scalar polarizability vanishes at the particular detuning.
Precision measurements with ultracold molecules require development of robust and sensitive techniques to produce and interrogate the molecules. With this goal, we theoretically analyze factors that affect frequency measurements between rovibrational levels of the Sr2{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}Sr2​ molecule in the electronic ground state. This measurement can be used to constrain the possible time variation of the proton-electron mass ratio. Sr2{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}Sr2​ is expected to be a strong candidate for achieving high precision due to the spinless nature and ease of cooling and perturbation-free trapping of Sr [T. Zelevinsky et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 043201 (2008)]. The analysis includes calculations of two-photon transition dipole moments between deeply and weakly bound vibrational levels, lifetimes of intermediate excited states, and Stark shifts of the vibrational levels by the optical lattice field, including possibilities of Stark-cancellation trapping.
We measure sub-MHz AC Stark shifts, also known as light shifts, in an undergraduate laboratory setting using Raman pump-probe spectroscopy to observe sub-natural linewidth spectral features in the transmission spectrum of a weak probe beam passing through a sample of cold 85Rb atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. To make this observation a pair of inexpensive fast photodiodes and acousto-optic modulators is needed, in addition to equipment commonly found in advanced undergraduate optics labs with laser cooling and atom trapping setups. A theoretical description of light shifts accessible to junior and senior-level physics majors is provided.