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Physical Review A

Photorefractive manipulation of light pulses

Boris I. Sturman, Evgeniy V. Podivilov, M. V. Gorkunov

Published Jun 9, 2008• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate theoretically the main elements of manipulation of light pulses---strong nonlinear slowing down, trapping, and release on demand---in photorefractive nonlinear media. This includes a study of the slowing-down characteristics, such as delay time, amplification factor, and nonlinear broadening, for different types of photorefractive response and interaction geometries, as well as an analysis of the shape of pulses released after a long storage. The photorefractive manipulation method is shown to be applicable at ambient temperatures, low light intensities, and wide spectral ranges.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.063808

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We investigate theoretically the main elements of manipulation of light pulses---strong nonlinear slowing down, trapping, and release on demand---in photorefractive nonlinear media. This includes a study of the slowing-down characteristics, such as delay time, amplification factor, and nonlinear broadening, for different types of photorefractive response and interaction geometries, as well as an analysis of the shape of pulses released after a long storage. The photorefractive manipulation method is shown to be applicable at ambient temperatures, low light intensities, and wide spectral ranges.
We theoretically study the effect of light deceleration in photorefractive nonlinear media. This includes consideration of different types of the photorefractive nonlinear response, different wave interaction schemes, and an analysis of the influence of the input parameters, such as the input temporal pulse width and the coupling strength, on the output pulse characteristics: the time delay, the propagation velocity, the amplification factor, and the output width. We show that photorefractive light deceleration has numerous advantages over other known techniques. It works already at low intensities, at room temperature, and within wide spectral ranges and offers a vast variety of handles for manipulating light pulses. An analogy with the light deceleration method based on the quantum effect of electromagnetically induced transparency in ultracold resonant gases is also considered.
It has been shown recently (see, e.g., Nature, 397, 594, 1999; 409, 490, 2001) that light pulses can be remarkably slowed down in resonant gases under very low temperatures. We show theoretically and experimentally that a similar in nature (and stronger in value) phenomenon occurs in photorefractive nonlinear media. The pulse-maximum velocity can be reduced here to the value of thickness/response time because of the two wave coupling effect. Specific properties of pulse propagation depend on the type of the photorefractive response and also duration and shape of the input pulse. Our theoretical results for the nonlocal nonlinear response are in a good agreement with experimental data obtained with BaTiO3 and Sn2P2S6 crystals.
It is shown experimentally and theoretically that photorefractive wave coupling can be used for dramatic (< or approximately 0.025 cm/s) deceleration of light pulses whose width is larger than (or comparable with) the nonlinear response time. This classical nonlinear scheme exhibits similarities with the technique based on the quantum effect of electromagnetically induced transparency. The main distinctive feature of our scheme is amplification of the delayed output pulse. Advantages of the novel technique and its prospects for manipulation with light photons are discussed.
A slowing down of light pulses using backward-wave four-wave mixing is achieved in photorefractive crystals with different coupling strength. The delay and width of the output pulse are studied as a function of the input pulse width and pump intensity ratio for the amplified transmitted beam and for the phase-conjugated beam. The delay characteristics are compared with those of the two-beam coupling. It is demonstrated that the four-wave mixing process ensures a larger slowing down of short pulses (pulses with width shorter than the photorefractive response time) as compared to the photorefractive two-beam coupling scheme and guarantees the elimination of forerunners. The delay of long pulses in the four-wave mixing configuration is almost the same as the one that can be reached with two-beam coupling. The effect of absorption on the nonlinear shape transformation of the output pulses is discussed qualitatively.
We investigate the possibilities of the backward four-wave coupling based on the nonlocal photorefractive response for the nonlinear deceleration of light pulses. The presence of an additional external variable parameter—the pump intensity ratio—allows to improve the output characteristics of the decelerated pulses compared to those typical of the two-wave coupling. In particular, large delay times of the output pulses can be achieved without their strong amplification. This positive distinctive feature of the pulse deceleration occurs far from threshold of the mirrorless optical oscillation.