Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Electromagnetically induced polarization rotation in Na vapor

Naoya Hombo, Shuya Taniguchi, Shota Sugimura, Kazuki Fujita, Masaharu Mitsunaga

Published Jun 20, 2012• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a hot sodium atomic vapor, we report the observation of electromagnetically induced polarization rotation (EIPR) in the 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2 and 3S1/2-3P3/2-4D3/2,5/2 three-level ladder transitions, where a weak probe beam and a strong coupling beam are resonant to the lower and the upper transition, respectively. The EIPR spectra exhibited a unique double-dispersion feature, which was more pronounced for the higher coupling powers. The maximum rotation angle was 18 deg. Optical switch experiment based on EIPR gave a fast response time of less than 100 ns.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.001717

Related papers

Interference between electromagnetically induced transparency and two-step excitation in three-level ladder systems

Nobuhito Hayashi, Akihiko Fujisawa, Hiroaki Kido +2 more

We have performed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two-photon absorption experiments in ladder-type three-level systems in a hot sodium atomic vapor, using the 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2, 3S1/2-3P3/2-4D3/2,5/2, 3S1/2-3P1/2-5S1/2, and 3S1/2-3P3/2-5S1/2 transitions. In particular, in the most pronounced 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2 system, we have observed quite unique spectral line shapes that are superpositions of sharp dips and peaks, in contrast to ordinary EIT spectra. The peaks and dips have apparently different physical origins, and the line shape can be interpreted as the interference between EIT and two-step excitation.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jul 26, 2010•29 citations

Polarization rotation effects in atomic sodium vapor

P. F. Liao, Gary C. Bjorklund

Polarization rotation effects in atomic sodium vapor are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Two pulsed dye laser beams propagate collinearly through a cell containing sodium vapor. The direction of polarization of a linearly polarized dye laser beam of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ is found to be rotated by a circularly polarized beam of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$. This rotation is due to the difference in refractive index at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ for right and left circularly polarized light which is produced by the circularly polarized beam. When ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ is tuned near the $3S\ensuremath{-}5S$ two-photon transition of atomic sodium, this difference is primarily due to the dispersion associated with the two-photon transition. Other sources of polarization rotation which were identified include (i) real transfers of population to excited atomic levels due to collisionally induced transitions and (ii) optically induced atomic energy-level shifts. The theory includes both the effects of two-photon dispersion and optically induced energy shifts. The application of the two-photon polarization rotation effect as a fast, optically controlled shutter or modulator and as a sensitive detection technique for two-photon spectroscopy are briefly discussed.

Physical Review A•May 1, 1977•59 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a V-type multilevel system of Na vapor

Yoshitaka Hoshina, Nobuhito Hayashi, Kosuke Tsubota +4 more

We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the V-type three-level system in hot sodium atomic vapor interacting with two optical waves: probe, resonant to the D1 line, and coupling, the D2 line. Theoretically, probe transmission spectra are simulated by using a perturbative treatment including eight hyperfine levels (multilevel system) in the 3S1/2, 3P1/2, and 3P3/2 states. The spectra are composed of linear absorption, saturated absorption, and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signals. By comparing this simulation with the experimental results, we concluded that we have indeed observed EIT signals when the coupling beam is resonant to the D2-line closed transition.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jul 8, 2014•10 citations

Polarization-dependent Zeeman spectroscopy in the two-photon ^3S_1/2−^4D_3/2,5/2 transition in Na vapor

Kotaro Shijo, Kazuki Harimaya, Masaharu Mitsunaga

By using the two-photon absorption technique, we have theoretically and experimentally investigated fine and hyperfine Zeeman structures of the 3S1/2−4D3/2,5/2 transition in a hot Na vapor in the presence of a magnetic field. Among 80 possible Zeeman lines, 10 lines were found to be forbidden, and the remaining 70 allowed lines were classified into four different manifolds: 3S1/2, F=2 to 4D5/2, F=2 to 4D3/2, F=1 to 4D5/2, and F=1 to 4D3/2. The Zeeman spectra of each manifold critically depended upon the polarization configurations of the forward and backward excitation laser beams. The peak position, the peak height, and the polarization dependence of each Zeeman component were fully analyzed and compared with the theoretical predictions, resulting in fair agreement between theory and experiment.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jul 22, 2016•0 citations

Controlled polarization rotation of an optical field in multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms

Shujing Li, Bo Wang, Xudong Yang +4 more

We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the phenomenon of polarization rotation of a weak, linearly polarized optical (probe) field in an atomic system with multiple three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) subsystems. The polarization rotation angle can be controlled by a circularly polarized coupling beam, which breaks the symmetry in number of EIT subsystems seen by the left and right circularly polarized components of the weak probe beam. A large polarization rotation angle (up to 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) has been achieved with a coupling beam power of only $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}$. Detailed theoretical analyses including different transition probabilities in different transitions and Doppler-broadening are presented and the results are in good agreements with the experimentally measured results.

arXiv:quant-ph/0608234•Physical Review A•Sep 27, 2006•62 citations

Polarization dependence of double-resonance optical pumping and electromagnetically induced transparency in the 5S1/2−5P3/2−5D5/2 transition of 87 Rb atoms

Han Seb Moon, Heung‐Ryoul Noh

The polarization dependence of double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) in the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition of ${}^{87}$Rb atoms is studied. The transmittance spectra in the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=2)\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{3/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3)\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=2,3,4)$ transition were observed as caused by EIT, DROP, and saturation effects in the various polarization combinations between the probe and coupling lasers. The features of the double-structure transmittance spectra in the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=2)\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{3/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3)\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=4)$ cycling transition were attributed to the difference in saturation effect according to the transition routes between the Zeeman sublevels and the EIT according to the two-photon transition probability.

Physical Review A•Sep 15, 2011•21 citations
In a hot sodium atomic vapor, we report the observation of electromagnetically induced polarization rotation (EIPR) in the 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2 and 3S1/2-3P3/2-4D3/2,5/2 three-level ladder transitions, where a weak probe beam and a strong coupling beam are resonant to the lower and the upper transition, respectively. The EIPR spectra exhibited a unique double-dispersion feature, which was more pronounced for the higher coupling powers. The maximum rotation angle was 18 deg. Optical switch experiment based on EIPR gave a fast response time of less than 100 ns.
We have performed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two-photon absorption experiments in ladder-type three-level systems in a hot sodium atomic vapor, using the 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2, 3S1/2-3P3/2-4D3/2,5/2, 3S1/2-3P1/2-5S1/2, and 3S1/2-3P3/2-5S1/2 transitions. In particular, in the most pronounced 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2 system, we have observed quite unique spectral line shapes that are superpositions of sharp dips and peaks, in contrast to ordinary EIT spectra. The peaks and dips have apparently different physical origins, and the line shape can be interpreted as the interference between EIT and two-step excitation.
Polarization rotation effects in atomic sodium vapor are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Two pulsed dye laser beams propagate collinearly through a cell containing sodium vapor. The direction of polarization of a linearly polarized dye laser beam of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ is found to be rotated by a circularly polarized beam of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$. This rotation is due to the difference in refractive index at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ for right and left circularly polarized light which is produced by the circularly polarized beam. When ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ is tuned near the $3S\ensuremath{-}5S$ two-photon transition of atomic sodium, this difference is primarily due to the dispersion associated with the two-photon transition. Other sources of polarization rotation which were identified include (i) real transfers of population to excited atomic levels due to collisionally induced transitions and (ii) optically induced atomic energy-level shifts. The theory includes both the effects of two-photon dispersion and optically induced energy shifts. The application of the two-photon polarization rotation effect as a fast, optically controlled shutter or modulator and as a sensitive detection technique for two-photon spectroscopy are briefly discussed.
We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the V-type three-level system in hot sodium atomic vapor interacting with two optical waves: probe, resonant to the D1 line, and coupling, the D2 line. Theoretically, probe transmission spectra are simulated by using a perturbative treatment including eight hyperfine levels (multilevel system) in the 3S1/2, 3P1/2, and 3P3/2 states. The spectra are composed of linear absorption, saturated absorption, and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signals. By comparing this simulation with the experimental results, we concluded that we have indeed observed EIT signals when the coupling beam is resonant to the D2-line closed transition.
By using the two-photon absorption technique, we have theoretically and experimentally investigated fine and hyperfine Zeeman structures of the 3S1/2−4D3/2,5/2 transition in a hot Na vapor in the presence of a magnetic field. Among 80 possible Zeeman lines, 10 lines were found to be forbidden, and the remaining 70 allowed lines were classified into four different manifolds: 3S1/2, F=2 to 4D5/2, F=2 to 4D3/2, F=1 to 4D5/2, and F=1 to 4D3/2. The Zeeman spectra of each manifold critically depended upon the polarization configurations of the forward and backward excitation laser beams. The peak position, the peak height, and the polarization dependence of each Zeeman component were fully analyzed and compared with the theoretical predictions, resulting in fair agreement between theory and experiment.
We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the phenomenon of polarization rotation of a weak, linearly polarized optical (probe) field in an atomic system with multiple three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) subsystems. The polarization rotation angle can be controlled by a circularly polarized coupling beam, which breaks the symmetry in number of EIT subsystems seen by the left and right circularly polarized components of the weak probe beam. A large polarization rotation angle (up to 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) has been achieved with a coupling beam power of only 15mW15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}15mW. Detailed theoretical analyses including different transition probabilities in different transitions and Doppler-broadening are presented and the results are in good agreements with the experimentally measured results.
The polarization dependence of double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) in the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition of 87{}^{87}87Rb atoms is studied. The transmittance spectra in the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=2)\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{3/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3)\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=2,3,4)$ transition were observed as caused by EIT, DROP, and saturation effects in the various polarization combinations between the probe and coupling lasers. The features of the double-structure transmittance spectra in the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=2)\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{3/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3)\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=4)$ cycling transition were attributed to the difference in saturation effect according to the transition routes between the Zeeman sublevels and the EIT according to the two-photon transition probability.