A structure for quantum measurements

Jincheng Zhang

This paper introduces the Quantum Measurement Structure Field (QMSF) hypothesis, a novel framework aimed at resolving longstanding challenges in quantum measurement theory. The core concept posits that during a quantum measurement, a structured field, denoted as [Sm(x,t)], emerges, which fundamentally determines the outcome's stability and the observed result. This framework moves beyond the traditional interpretations of wave function collapse and probabilistic outcomes, proposing a dynamic and structured reality shaped by the measurement process itself. The paper outlines the foundational principles of QMSF, highlighting its potential to address fundamental questions regarding the nature of reality, the role of the observer, and the mechanisms underlying quantum measurement. Further development and investigation of QMSF are presented as a potential pathway towards a deeper understanding of quantum mechanics and a significant advance in the field. ---

N. G. van Kampen

Enrico G. Beltrametti

Jin-Xing Hou, Yunlong Su, Siyuan Liu +1 more

Two-qubit Bell-diagonal states can be depicted as a tetrahedron in three dimensions. We investigate the structure of quantum resources, including coherence and quantum discord, in the tetrahedron. The ordering of different resources measures is a common problem in resource theories, and which measure should be chosen to investigate the structure of resources is still an open question. We consider the structure of quantum resources which is not affected by the choice of measure. Our work provides a complete structure of coherence and quantum discord for Bell-diagonal states. The pictorial approach also indicates how to explore the structure of resources even when we don't have consistent measure of a concrete quantum resource.

Shiv Akshar Yadavalli, Nikola Andrejić, Ravi Kunjwal

Measurement incompatibility is necessary but not sufficient for violation of a Bell inequality. The structure of (in)compatibility relations among a set of measurements can be represented by a joint measurability structure, i.e., a hypergraph with its vertices representing measurements and its hyperedges representing all (and only) compatible sets of measurements. We show that for any joint measurability structure that admits at least a pair of incompatible vertices (i.e., a non-trivial joint measurability structure), there exists a quantum realization with a set of measurements that enables a Bell violation. In other words, we identify, for any joint measurability structure, an incompatible set of measurements that is sufficient for a Bell violation.

Henry Margenau