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Physica Scripta

Pulsed Evaporative Cooling of Ion Cloud in an Electron Beam Ion Trap

Tohru Kinugawa, Frederick John Currell, S. Ohtani

Published Jan 1, 2001• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A technique for producing cold ensembles of trapped highly charged ions is described. The ions, trapped in an electron beam ion trap, can undergo a drastic contraction during the pulsed mode of evaporative cooling, if a truncated Boltzmann distribution is assumed. The underlying theory and the experimental results are presented.
DOI
10.1238/physica.topical.092a00102

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We propose the application of pulsed evaporative cooling, which has been used successfully for Bose-Einstein condensation of neutral atoms, to highly charged ions. Practically, this cooling technique can be highly efficient and favorable for ions in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). By computer simulation, we have numerically estimated the performance of this cooling scheme on the basis of the standard evaporation theory. The result is very promising; from the initial temperature of 500 eV, Kr +30 can be cooled to room temperature within a few seconds.
Externally, in an electron beam ion trap, generated Ar16+ ions were retrapped in a Penning trap and evaporatively cooled in their axial motion. The cooling was observed by a novel extraction technique based on the excitation of a coherent axial oscillation which yields short ion bunches of well-defined energies. The initial temperature of the ion cloud was decreased by a factor of more than 140 within 1 s, while the phase-space density of the coldest extracted ion pulses was increased by a factor of up to about 9.
A novel way of creating low-temperature electron and ion beams is demonstrated. The beams are generated by converting a laser-cooled atom cloud to a highly excited Rydberg gas, which subsequently develops into an ultracold plasma. Charged particles are extracted from the Rydberg gas and the plasma by a pulsed electric field. The properties of the resulting electron and ion pulses are experimentally studied. Pulses of a few hundred ns duration containing a few pC of charge were observed. Upper limits for the temperature of such beams (60K for ions and 500K for electrons) are obtained, and the beams are shown to have low emittance. Further development of the method may lead to the generation of high-brightness charged-particle beams from ultracold plasmas.
A theoretical description of a specific method of laser cooling of negative ions is presented based on evaporation through photodetachment. The ideal case of harmonically bound ions and the case of RF traps are considered in the weak space charge limit. Evolution equations of the ion cloud in the quasistatic regime are derived, in which eventually other cooling or heating processes could be inserted. These equations are analytically solved in a particular case where the laser is tuned slightly below photodetachment threshold with a gradually decreasing absolute value of the detuning. Numerical results concerning the evolution of ion cloud temperature and density are given and discussed for either s or p photodetached electrons. The influence of laser beam geometry and in particular the existence, beside the previously considered 'Doppler' cooling, of 'geometrical' cooling is investigated. In Paul traps, RF heating might impose a preliminary cooling by another method.