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Quantum Electronics

Phase-dependent high refractive index without absorption in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system

Zhiqiang Zeng, Yuping Wang, Fu-Ti Liu, Zenghui Gao

Published Jan 31, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a closed four-level inverted-Y system in the presence and the absence of a microwave field. It is found that due to the quantum coherence between the two lower levels, either induced by the spontaneous decay or by the microwave field, the refraction – absorption properties of the system can be modulated by controlling the relative phase of the applied fields in both driven ways. In particular, by properly setting the values of the relative phase, the desirable high index of refraction without absorption can be achieved.

DOI
10.1070/qe2015v045n01abeh015508

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We consider a closed four-level inverted-Y system in the presence and the absence of a microwave field. It is found that due to the quantum coherence between the two lower levels, either induced by the spontaneous decay or by the microwave field, the refraction – absorption properties of the system can be modulated by controlling the relative phase of the applied fields in both driven ways. In particular, by properly setting the values of the relative phase, the desirable high index of refraction without absorption can be achieved.
We study the dispersion-absorption properties in a three-level Λ-type atomic system with two closely lying lower levels. We consider two schemes: in the first, the two lower levels are coupled by decay-induced coherence, and in the second, quantum coherence is created by coupling the two lower levels to each other by a microwave field. We found that due to the decay-induced coherence or microwave-induced coherence, the dispersion-absorption properties can be controlled by the relative phase of applied fields, large index of refraction without absorption always can be obtained just by choosing proper values of the relative phase.
When the two excited levels in a V-type three-level atom are coupled by a microwave field,the quantum coherence is created by the interference between the atomic coupling transition channels.The probe absorption and dispersion properties can be modulated by adjusting the strength of microwave field,and the phenomenon of the high refractive index without absorption appears at the resonance.Besides,the relative phase control of probe gain can be achieved due to the quantum coherence induced by the microwave field.
We present a theoretical investigation on controlling the transverse shift while most of the researches are on longitudinal Goos-Hänchen shift. A two-layer system is considered. The refractive index of the first layer is fixed. The second layer is an atomic system coupled by a strong laser field to realize the Λ-style electromagnetically induced transparency, and an additional microwave field drives the transition between the lower two levels to construct high refractive index with zero absorption. We use such phenomenon to modify the refractive index, and consequently the transverse shift in reflection. The properties of the atomic system and the transverse shift of reflected field are briefly studied. Our investigation shows that the shift can be tuned by the strength of the microwave field. And since the atomic system is quite sensitive to the phase of the light fields, through which the transverse shift can be manipulated effectively. More importantly, the absorption is limited due to the presence of the microwave field.
We studied a closed three-level V-type system with two near-degenerate excited levels in the presence of an incoherent pumping field. Quantum interferences of the two-decay channels lead to the achievement of the high index of refraction without absorption via spontaneously generated coherence. We use the exact analytical formula of the refractive index derived by us in a recent paper. We found that the high refractive index varies very much with the angle between the two dipole moments and evidently with the detuning of the coupling field.