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Physical Review Letters

Quantum switches and nonlocal microwave fields

L. Davidovich, Abdelhamid Maali, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, S. Haroche

Published Oct 11, 1993• 178 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme to realize an optical switch with quantum coherence between its ``open'' and ``closed'' states is presented. It involves a single atom in a superposition of circular Rydberg states crossing a high Q cavity. A combination of switches could be used to prepare a quantum superposition of coherent microwave field states located simultaneously in two cavities. Such nonclassical states and their decoherence due to cavity dissipation could be studied by performing atom correlation experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.71.2360

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AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2001•1 citation
A scheme to realize an optical switch with quantum coherence between its open'' and closed'' states is presented. It involves a single atom in a superposition of circular Rydberg states crossing a high Q cavity. A combination of switches could be used to prepare a quantum superposition of coherent microwave field states located simultaneously in two cavities. Such nonclassical states and their decoherence due to cavity dissipation could be studied by performing atom correlation experiments.
We present several schemes for preparing and detecting coherent superpositions of classically distinct states of the electromagnetic field in one or two high-Q cavities. These proposals are based on two-atom correlation measurements, to be performed on circular Rydberg atoms interacting dispersively with the cavity fields. Changing the time interval between the two detected atoms allows a monitoring of the decay of quantum coherence due to dissipation. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Summary form only given. We have prepared a single-photon entangled state involving two field modes of a high finesse microwave superconducting cavity, and we have probed its coherence after storing it for a variable time in the cavity. We use the resonant interaction between circular Rydberg atoms and the field. This coupling is stronger than any dissipation rate so that the energy exchange between the atoms and the cavity is periodic (Rabi oscillation). A first atom prepares the entangled field state (writer atom) and a second one probes its coherence (reader atom).
We present a simple scheme for the fast and efficient generation of quantum superpositions of two coherent fields with different classical amplitudes in a cavity. It relies on the simultaneous interaction of two two-level systems with the field. Their final detection with a high probability in the proper state projects the field onto the desired mesoscopic field state superposition. We show that the scheme is notably more efficient than those using a single atom. We discuss the method in the context of microwave cavity quantum electrodynamics, but it is also highly relevant for the thriving field of circuit QED. It may lead to interesting experimental studies of decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary.
We have performed multiparticle entanglement experiments with circular Rydberg atoms crossing one at a time a high Q superconducting microwave cavity. Two-level atoms and a zero or one photon field stored in the cavity act as qubits carrying quantum information. Controlled qubit entanglement is produced by the quantum Rabi oscillation coupling the atom to the cavity field. Qubit state superpositions are produced and analyzed by classical microwave pulses before and after the atom cross the high Q cavity, using a Ramsey interferometer arrangement. We have demonstrated the coherent operation of a quantum phase gate and used it to perform for the first time a quantum nondestructive measurement of a single photon. Combining this gate with quantum Rabi oscillations of various durations, we have entangled step by step three subsystems—two atom and one field mode—by a controlled succession of one and two qubit operations. Once some limitations of our experiment are overcome, it will be generalized to larger number of particles, opening the way to the study of even more complex entangled states.