The relative mean square fluctuations $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ of the intensity $I$ of a single-mode dye laser have been measured by a photon counting technique, in the region from about threshold to intensities 1000 times below threshold. The results show a steady increase of $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ from less than 1 to about 150 as $〈I〉$ is reduced, followed by a rapid drop to zero. This behavior appears to be described fairly well by an equation of motion containing both additive spontaneous emission fluctuations and multiplicative pumping fluctuations.The relative mean square fluctuations $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ of the intensity $I$ of a single-mode dye laser have been measured by a photon counting technique, in the region from about threshold to intensities 1000 times below threshold. The results show a steady increase of $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ from less than 1 to about 150 as $〈I〉$ is reduced, followed by a rapid drop to zero. This behavior appears to be described fairly well by an equation of motion containing both additive spontaneous emission fluctuations and multiplicative pumping fluctuations.

Physical Review LettersJan 30, 198466 citations

Quantum theory of dye lasers

Andrzej Baczyński, Andrzej Kossakowski, T. Marszałek

The European Physical Journal BJun 1, 197627 citations

Photon statistics of a dye laser

Joseph A. Abate, Harry J. Kimble, L. Mandeļ

The fluctuation properties of a cw dye laser, pumped by an argon-ion laser, have been investigated by photon-counting and two-time correlation measurements. The results show significant departures from the usual single-mode laser theory in the region of threshold and below. However, there are indications that the departures may be due to extraneous rather than intrinsic effects, and when these effects are subtracted out, the results are in substantial agreement with the predictions of the usual theory.The fluctuation properties of a cw dye laser, pumped by an argon-ion laser, have been investigated by photon-counting and two-time correlation measurements. The results show significant departures from the usual single-mode laser theory in the region of threshold and below. However, there are indications that the departures may be due to extraneous rather than intrinsic effects, and when these effects are subtracted out, the results are in substantial agreement with the predictions of the usual theory.

Physical Review AAug 1, 197657 citations

Dye laser statistics and the phase transition

Rajarshi Roy, L. Mandeļ

Optics CommunicationsDec 1, 197715 citations

Semiclassical dye-laser equations and the unidirectional single-frequency operation

Hong Chuan Fu, Hermann Haken

A semiclassical description for dye lasers is proposed, where the energy-level diagram of the dye molecule is assumed to consist of a continuous bandlike ground state and an excited singlet state. Unidirectional single-frequency (s.f.) operation is discussed. The linear-stability analysis for this operation reveals a very low threshold instability, which may appear generally in practical lasers. The ratio of the instability threshold to the lasing threshold may be of any value greater than 1, depending mainly on the bandwidth and the distribution of the dipole moments on the band, but it is independent of the cavity loss. This instability may account for that observed in recent experiments by Hillman, Krasinki, Boyd, and Stroud [Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1605 (1984)]. A general approach to analyzing the linear stability of the s.f. operation of the Maxwell-Bloch equations is also proposed, which states that only the eigenvalues of a 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 matrix are relevant: one concerns the stability of the s.f. operation near the lasing threshold, the other determines the instability threshold of this operation.A semiclassical description for dye lasers is proposed, where the energy-level diagram of the dye molecule is assumed to consist of a continuous bandlike ground state and an excited singlet state. Unidirectional single-frequency (s.f.) operation is discussed. The linear-stability analysis for this operation reveals a very low threshold instability, which may appear generally in practical lasers. The ratio of the instability threshold to the lasing threshold may be of any value greater than 1, depending mainly on the bandwidth and the distribution of the dipole moments on the band, but it is independent of the cavity loss. This instability may account for that observed in recent experiments by Hillman, Krasinki, Boyd, and Stroud [Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1605 (1984)]. A general approach to analyzing the linear stability of the s.f. operation of the Maxwell-Bloch equations is also proposed, which states that only the eigenvalues of a 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 matrix are relevant: one concerns the stability of the s.f. operation near the lasing threshold, the other determines the instability threshold of this operation.

Physical Review ANov 1, 198729 citations

Second (quantum) threshold of a laser

А. Н. Ораевский

Mar 1, 19900 citations

The relative mean square fluctuations $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ of the intensity

I

of a single-mode dye laser have been measured by a photon counting technique, in the region from about threshold to intensities 1000 times below threshold. The results show a steady increase of $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ from less than 1 to about 150 as

〈I〉

is reduced, followed by a rapid drop to zero. This behavior appears to be described fairly well by an equation of motion containing both additive spontaneous emission fluctuations and multiplicative pumping fluctuations.