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Optics Communications

Observation of amplitude squeezing of the up-converted mode in second harmonic generation

Andreas Sizmann, R. J. Horowicz, G. Wagner, Gerd Leuchs

Published Dec 1, 1990• 115 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(90)90375-4

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The squeezing and sub-Poissonian eects of light in third harmonic generation are investigated based on the fully quantum mechanical approach up to the rst order Hamiltonian interaction in gt, where g is the coupling constant between the modes per second and t is the interaction time between the waves during the process in a nonlinear medium.The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established.The occurrence of amplitude squeezing eects in both the quadratures of the radiation eld in the fundamental mode is investigated and found to be dependent on the selective phase values of the eld amplitude.The photon statistics of the pump mode in this process have also been investigated and found to be sub-Poissonian in nature.It is shown that for particular phase values the amplitude squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics of light occur simultaneously.It is observed that there is no possibility to produce squeezed light in the harmonic mode up to rst-order interaction in gt.Further, it is found that the normal squeezing in the harmonic mode directly depends upon the amplitude-cubed squeezing of the initial pump eld to the case of second-order interaction in gt.This gives a method of converting higher-order (amplitude-cubed) squeezing of the fundamental mode into normal squeezing of the harmonic mode and vice versa.

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The nonclassical effects of light in the fifth harmonic generation are investigated by quantum mechanically up to the first-order Hamiltonian interaction. The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established. The occurrence of amplitude squeezing effects in both quadratures of the radiation field in the fundamental mode is investigated and found to be dependent on the selective phase values of the field amplitude. The photon statistics in the fundamental mode have also been investigated and found to be sub-Poissonian in nature. It is observed that there is no possibility to produce squeezed light in the harmonic mode up to first-order Hamiltonian interaction. Further, we have found that the normal squeezing in the harmonic mode directly depends upon the fifth power of the field amplitude of the initial pump field up to second-order Hamiltonian interaction. This gives a method of converting higher-order squeezing in the fundamental mode into normal squeezing in the harmonic mode and vice versa. The analytic expression of fifth-order squeezing of the fundamental mode in the fifth harmonic generation is established.

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Amplitude squeezing by means of quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a lithium niobate waveguide

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We demonstrate that traveling-wave second-harmonic generation produces amplitude-squeezed light at both the fundamental and the harmonic frequencies. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic conversion efficiencies approaching 60% were obtained in a 26-mm-long single-mode LiNbO(3) waveguide with pulses from a mode-locked laser at 1.53 microm. The amplitude noise of the transmitted fundamental field was measured to be 0.8 dB below the shot-noise level, and the generated 0.765-microm harmonic light was measured to be amplitude squeezed by 0.35 dB. The conversion-efficiency dependence of the observed squeezing at both wavelengths agrees with theoretical predictions. Waveguide losses appear to degrade the squeezing, but the maximum observed squeezing is currently limited only by the available input power.

Optics Letters•Oct 1, 1997•48 citations
The squeezing and sub-Poissonian eects of light in third harmonic generation are investigated based on the fully quantum mechanical approach up to the rst order Hamiltonian interaction in gt, where g is the coupling constant between the modes per second and t is the interaction time between the waves during the process in a nonlinear medium.The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established.The occurrence of amplitude squeezing eects in both the quadratures of the radiation eld in the fundamental mode is investigated and found to be dependent on the selective phase values of the eld amplitude.The photon statistics of the pump mode in this process have also been investigated and found to be sub-Poissonian in nature.It is shown that for particular phase values the amplitude squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics of light occur simultaneously.It is observed that there is no possibility to produce squeezed light in the harmonic mode up to rst-order interaction in gt.Further, it is found that the normal squeezing in the harmonic mode directly depends upon the amplitude-cubed squeezing of the initial pump eld to the case of second-order interaction in gt.This gives a method of converting higher-order (amplitude-cubed) squeezing of the fundamental mode into normal squeezing of the harmonic mode and vice versa.
The nonclassical effects of light in the fifth harmonic generation are investigated by quantum mechanically up to the first-order Hamiltonian interaction. The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established. The occurrence of amplitude squeezing effects in both quadratures of the radiation field in the fundamental mode is investigated and found to be dependent on the selective phase values of the field amplitude. The photon statistics in the fundamental mode have also been investigated and found to be sub-Poissonian in nature. It is observed that there is no possibility to produce squeezed light in the harmonic mode up to first-order Hamiltonian interaction. Further, we have found that the normal squeezing in the harmonic mode directly depends upon the fifth power of the field amplitude of the initial pump field up to second-order Hamiltonian interaction. This gives a method of converting higher-order squeezing in the fundamental mode into normal squeezing in the harmonic mode and vice versa. The analytic expression of fifth-order squeezing of the fundamental mode in the fifth harmonic generation is established.
We demonstrate that traveling-wave second-harmonic generation produces amplitude-squeezed light at both the fundamental and the harmonic frequencies. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic conversion efficiencies approaching 60% were obtained in a 26-mm-long single-mode LiNbO(3) waveguide with pulses from a mode-locked laser at 1.53 microm. The amplitude noise of the transmitted fundamental field was measured to be 0.8 dB below the shot-noise level, and the generated 0.765-microm harmonic light was measured to be amplitude squeezed by 0.35 dB. The conversion-efficiency dependence of the observed squeezing at both wavelengths agrees with theoretical predictions. Waveguide losses appear to degrade the squeezing, but the maximum observed squeezing is currently limited only by the available input power.