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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nonlinear intersubband optical absorption of asymmetric semiconductor quantum wells pumped by terahertz and infrared fields

Haiyan Zhu, Tongyi Zhang, Wei Zhao

Published Jul 3, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the conduction intersubband linear response of a n-type quantum well driven by one or two infrared optical fields with arbitrary strengths. The fields couple the third subband to the second energy subband and the ground subband, forming a Λ system. We investigate the dependences of the absorption spectrum on the pump field strengths. The results for the equal Rabi frequencies can be understood in terms of quantum coherence processes of the intersubband transitions, such as coherent population trapping, and electromagnetically induced transparency. The effects of different Rabi frequencies on the absorption spectrum due to fields are also discussed.

DOI
10.1117/12.835726

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Apr 23, 2001•0 citations
We investigate the conduction intersubband linear response of a n-type quantum well driven by one or two infrared optical fields with arbitrary strengths. The fields couple the third subband to the second energy subband and the ground subband, forming a Λ system. We investigate the dependences of the absorption spectrum on the pump field strengths. The results for the equal Rabi frequencies can be understood in terms of quantum coherence processes of the intersubband transitions, such as coherent population trapping, and electromagnetically induced transparency. The effects of different Rabi frequencies on the absorption spectrum due to fields are also discussed.
We study quantum interference and nonlinear optical processes in the conduction band of an n-doped quantum well driven by one or two infrared fields. The fields couple a broad upper subband to a lower energy subband and the ground subband, forming a \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration. We show, including the effect of electron-electron scattering and dynamic screening, that this configuration can lead to coherent control of the intersubband transitions, such as coherent population trapping. We also study quantum interference processes, such as laser-induced transparency and dark-line effects in the linear absorption and gain spectra of the system. The effects on these processes of differing field intensities and of electron-electron scattering are also discussed.
A strong infrared field tuned in resonance with dipole-allowed intersubband transitions in quantum-well conduction bands can act to coherently mix or dress the resonant states. The effects of dressing two excited conduction subbands on the linear response of a weak probe field nearly resonant with one of the excited subbands and the partially occupied ground subband is theoretically treated to arbitrary order in the coupling-field strength. Three critical coupling-field strengths are identified that demark: (i) the minimum coupling required to observe changes in the linear response, (ii) the onset of a resolvable doublet in the response, and (iii) the strong-coupling limit in which the line doubling is fully developed. Analytic expressions for these three critical fields are obtained in terms of the Rabi frequency and the phenomenological damping parameters associated with states in the three subbands.
We investigate the conduction intersubband linear response of an n-type quantum well driven by two coherent optical fields with arbitrary strengths. The optical fields couple two excited conduction subbands to a common excited subband with either higher energy (\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration) or intermediate energy (\ensuremath{\Xi} configuration). The system is then monitored weakly from the uncoupled partially occupied ground conduction subband. We find that the driven \ensuremath{\Lambda} system supports two different coupling mechanisms: (i) indirect two-photon coupling of the two lower-energy-excited subbands through the third one (Raman coupling), and (ii) one-photon coupling of all three coupled excited subbands. It is shown that in contrast to the one-photon process, the two-photon process is immune to the higher-energy-excited subband damping rate. The same mechanisms are found for corresponding states of the \ensuremath{\Xi} system. The manifestations of these mechanisms are discussed and the detailed evolutions of the coupled systems in both high-and low-field intensity cases are investigated. Also, the infrared coupling of quantum wells with large conduction-band offsets with a single field are studied using the results for the \ensuremath{\Xi} configuration. The role played by the damping rate of each subband in the infrared coupling of the quantum-well conduction band is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
When two electron conduction subbands in a doped quantum well are coupled by a coherent laser pumping, electromagnetically induced transparency and Rabi splitting in the interband absorption spectrum of a probe light are found for steady electron dressed states. The effect of light-electron interaction on electron and hole eigenenergies and states are calculated using a generalized density-functional approach. The change of absorption coefficient with the pump field amplitude is studied and explained.
A quantum well (QW), with only three transitions, which are all dipole allowed because of the QW asymmetry, is investigated when driven coherently by two infrared optical fields. One field couples the $\ensuremath{\mid}1⟩\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mid}2⟩$ and $\ensuremath{\mid}2⟩\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mid}3⟩$ transitions simultaneously, while a second field couples the $\ensuremath{\mid}1⟩\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mid}3⟩$ transition. The absorption linear response is computed allowing the illustration of some features due to quantum coherence. Without the second field, the absorption of a weak probe is that of a strongly saturated system. As the coupling strength of the second field is increased the absorption strength of a weak probe increases, by over an order of magnitude factor in absorption strength compared to the case in the absence of the second field. The results are shown to be due to an optically mediated, coherent population trapping effect.
The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency, which was discovered recently in atomic systems, is demonstrated for the first in a subband quantum well system. Applying strong coupling field (Rabi frequency is on the same order as the intersubband linewidth), which is two- photon-resonant with the 1 - 3 intersubband transition, produces dramatic change in the 1 - 2 intersubband absorption profile. This effect can be accounted for in terms of 1 - 2 and 2 - 3 dipoles being driven into coherence by a strong coupling field; it is not related to self- induced transparency or spectral hole-burning (the frequency of the coupling field is quite different from that of 1 - 2 resonance) and, similar to Fano-type interference, is a pure result of destructive interference of probability amplitudes.