The relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals in the transition from polarized and dispersive signals to absorptive signals of the Na D1 line are calculated theoretically from the approximation of a single cycle of opticalpumping in a four-level system. The transition from polarized signals to saturated signals is made by varying the angle of an analyzer. Since the signal in polarization spectroscopy is mixed with the signal in saturation spectroscopy during the transition, spurious signals due to saturation and polarization effects should be taken into account in the signal analysis of polarization and saturation spectroscopies, respectively. Both theories, of polarization spectroscopy and saturation spectroscopy are unified and applied to the Doppler-free signals of the Na D1 line. The results obtained from the four-level optical pumping theory which mixes polarization spectroscopy with saturation spectroscopy are in good agreement with experimental reports.The relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals in the transition from polarized and dispersive signals to absorptive signals of the Na D1 line are calculated theoretically from the approximation of a single cycle of opticalpumping in a four-level system. The transition from polarized signals to saturated signals is made by varying the angle of an analyzer. Since the signal in polarization spectroscopy is mixed with the signal in saturation spectroscopy during the transition, spurious signals due to saturation and polarization effects should be taken into account in the signal analysis of polarization and saturation spectroscopies, respectively. Both theories, of polarization spectroscopy and saturation spectroscopy are unified and applied to the Doppler-free signals of the Na D1 line. The results obtained from the four-level optical pumping theory which mixes polarization spectroscopy with saturation spectroscopy are in good agreement with experimental reports.

The Review of Laser EngineeringJan 1, 19863 citations

Polarization-modulated optical pumping spectroscopy of Na D1 and D2 lines

Jom Sool Kim, Hong Jin Kong, Sang Soo Lee +1 more

Doppler-free spectra of linear and circular dichroisms for the hyperfine structures of Na ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines have been obtained by means of polarization-modulated optical pumping spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with recent theoretical calculations based on velocity-selective optical pumping in a four-level atomic system.Doppler-free spectra of linear and circular dichroisms for the hyperfine structures of Na ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines have been obtained by means of polarization-modulated optical pumping spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with recent theoretical calculations based on velocity-selective optical pumping in a four-level atomic system.

Physical Review AFeb 1, 19893 citations

Level-crossing-spectroscopy with additional optical pumping in the ground state

H. Liening

The European Physical Journal ASep 1, 198518 citations

Doppler-free laser spectroscopic techniques with optical pumping in D_1 lines of alkali atoms

Shigeru Nakayama

A theoretical analysis of the D1 lines of alklai atoms in Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy, velocity-selective optical-pumping (VSOP) spectroscopy, and saturation spectroscopy is presented that uses the approximation of a single cycle of optical pumping in a four-level system. The similarities and differences among these three kinds of spectroscopy are made clear, and the magnitude and the sign of the resonances in each spectroscopic technique are calculated. The four-level system is as important as a three-level approximation, which has already been described in many papers. We deal with linear and circular optical anisotropies induced in polarization, VSOP, and saturation spectroscopy.A theoretical analysis of the D1 lines of alklai atoms in Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy, velocity-selective optical-pumping (VSOP) spectroscopy, and saturation spectroscopy is presented that uses the approximation of a single cycle of optical pumping in a four-level system. The similarities and differences among these three kinds of spectroscopy are made clear, and the magnitude and the sign of the resonances in each spectroscopic technique are calculated. The four-level system is as important as a three-level approximation, which has already been described in many papers. We deal with linear and circular optical anisotropies induced in polarization, VSOP, and saturation spectroscopy.

Journal of the Optical Society of America BSep 1, 198526 citations

Line profiles in dependence of optical pumping, relaxation and saturation

A. Dönszelmann, Jaap H. M. Neijzen

Optics CommunicationsJul 1, 19764 citations

Doppler-free spectra of linear and circular dichroisms for the hyperfine structures of Na

{D}_{1}

and

{D}_{2}

lines have been obtained by means of polarization-modulated optical pumping spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with recent theoretical calculations based on velocity-selective optical pumping in a four-level atomic system.