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Physical Review Letters

Steady-State Spectrum of Radiation from Autoionizing States

G. S. Agarwal, Stanley L. Haan, J. Cooper

Published Apr 23, 1984• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A basic difficulty in the measurement of the radiation characteristics of autoionizing states in strong coherent laser fields is removed by considering the interaction with a beam of many atoms, so that a properly defined steady-state spectrum can be calculated. Such a spectrum has both coherent and incoherent components. These can be used for studying the confluence of coherences, Stark splitting, Fano asymmetry parameters, etc.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.52.1480

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A basic difficulty in the measurement of the radiation characteristics of autoionizing states in strong coherent laser fields is removed by considering the interaction with a beam of many atoms, so that a properly defined steady-state spectrum can be calculated. Such a spectrum has both coherent and incoherent components. These can be used for studying the confluence of coherences, Stark splitting, Fano asymmetry parameters, etc.
Photoemission spectra from autoionizing states in the presence of a strong laser field are calculated. Such spectra have very sharp features near "confluence" (at the Fano minimum) and are very similar, in structure, to photoelectron spectra. The total intensity, as a function of laser intensity or detuning, has a peak near confluence, which can be used, among other things, for the accurate determination of Fano asymmetry parameter qqq.
The fluorescence produced by an autoionizing state under strong pumping by a coherent laser field is considered. It is shown how the spectrum of emitted photons and the total number of photons are related to the two-time and single-time atomic expectation values, and explicit expressions are derived for them. Numerical results for the time development of the number of photons ejected are presented for finite times and in the long-time limit. The photon spectra are shown to exhibit ac Stark splitting of the states involved. The spectrum is a doublet for transitions to a stable final state and a triplet for transitions connected back to the initial, strongly driven state. The decay of an autoionizing state in the absence of a laser driving field is considered, and the square of the Fano qqq value is interpreted as the ratio of two decay rates.
Multistep laser excitation makes it possible to excite one electron at at time in the excitation of doubly excited states. This suppresses the direct continuum excitation, removing the familiar Beutler–Fano interference profiles from the excitation of autoionizing states. Removing this complexity in the excitation process allows one to investigate inherently complex atomic systems, such as interacting autoionizing series. The ability to examine such systems experimentally has led to the development of theoretical techniques based on quantum-defect theory to interpret the experimental results. This powerful combination of complementary experimental and theoretical techniques has led to substantial advances in the study of autoionizing states.
Spectral features of the radiation emitted by autoionizing states in the presence of a strong laser field are calculated under the condition of multiple photon absorption and emissions. The method is based on the exact solution of the master equation for the recycled system. The decay spectra are found to exhibit sharp maxima at the laser frequency and, for large values of the Fano qqq value, sidebands which are reminiscent of the triplet which one finds in the context of a two-level atom.