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Physical Review A

Strong-field autoionization by smooth laser pulses

Kazimierz Rza̧ewski, Jakub Zakrzewski, Maciej Lewenstein, Joseph W. Haus

Published May 1, 1985• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider pulses of coherent electromagnetic radiation impinging upon an autoionizing atom. Analytic solutions in the cases of hyperbolic-secant- and exponential-pulse envelopes are given for the ground-state atomic population and for the photoelectron spectrum. The sensitivity of these quantities to the pulse area and to the interference between the autoionizing state and the continuum is studied.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.31.2995

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We consider pulses of coherent electromagnetic radiation impinging upon an autoionizing atom. Analytic solutions in the cases of hyperbolic-secant- and exponential-pulse envelopes are given for the ground-state atomic population and for the photoelectron spectrum. The sensitivity of these quantities to the pulse area and to the interference between the autoionizing state and the continuum is studied.
Strong-field autoionization induced by smooth laser pulses is studied to take into account the high-order ionization processes. A second-order differential equation of the amplitude of the ground state is derived. For some special laser pulses, which include all the exponential ones, analytical results may be obtained. As an example, the explicit results of ground-state population and the photoelectron spectrum are given for an exponentially switched-on cw pulse. The multipeak structure in the photoelectron spectrum is more obviously manifested in the high spectrum resulted from the high-order ionization processes.
Previous studies on strong-field autoionization involving high-order ionization processes are mainly investigated for the cases of CW laser irradiations. This paper extends those studies to the cases of square laser pulses with arbitrary widths. Populations of the ground state and the line shapes of the autoionizing resonance are discussed. It is shown that strong-field autoionization and the high-order ionization processes are drastically affected not only by the intensities but also by the time of interaction between atoms and laser field.
The coherent resonant coupling of two autoionizing states of magnesium by an intense electromagnetic field is investigated experimentally by means of ionization and energy-selected photoelectron spectra probed from the ground state of the atom. The resulting effect of a drastic reduction in the ionization of the system is interpreted as the splitting of the two states achieved through their mixing by the field. A complete theoretical treatment of the problem employing the density matrix formalism is presented, reproducing the effects observed and explaining the phenomenon in terms of the relative populations of the states in the system.
We investigate the effects of smooth laser pulses in both an autoionization system and in the laser-induced continuum structure scheme. We are particularly interested in the phenomenon of population trapping in these systems and discuss the effects of time-dependent pulses on this trapping. We present analytical solutions to both systems which hold for any pulse shape, provided the adiabatic approximation holds. We also pay special attention to the effects of large pulse energies on the trapped population, which we find to be detrimental and propose a possible solution to this problem by using chirped (time-dependent) frequencies.
A model for laser-induced autoionization is considered which includes two qualitatively different relaxation mechanisms: radiation damping to the ground state and phase fluctuations. Analytic solutions are presented for the first- and second-moment correlation functions of the atomic and photon operators in the Heisenberg picture. We present an explicit analysis of the spectrum of emitted photons at long times and investigate the effect of both relaxation mechanisms, as well as the influence of detuning and laser intensity, on this photoemission spectrum.
Photoionization of highly excited atoms by a strong microwave field is considered. Secondary coherent population of some neighboring Rydberg levels in the process of ionization is shown to be a reason for interference of transitions from these levels to the continuum. Interference is shown to be a reason for some new effects: stabilization of the atom, suppression of its ionization, appearance of a multipeak structure in the photoelectron spectrum, field-induced narrowing of its peaks, narrowing and localization of quasi-energy atomic spectrum in a strong field, etc.