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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

AC and DC fields in optical lattices: quasienergy band structure

Roberto B. Diener, Qian Niu

Published Oct 1, 2000• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the effects of both AC and DC fields in the quasienergy band structure of cold atoms in optical lattices. The effects studied include Rabi oscillations between Bloch bands and dynamical band collapse in AC fields, which have already been observed experimentally. We also present some new results regarding the location of Wannier-Stark ladders in DC fields and the band structure of fractional Wannier-Stark ladders in DC/AC fields.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/2/5/309

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We study the effects of both AC and DC fields in the quasienergy band structure of cold atoms in optical lattices. The effects studied include Rabi oscillations between Bloch bands and dynamical band collapse in AC fields, which have already been observed experimentally. We also present some new results regarding the location of Wannier-Stark ladders in DC fields and the band structure of fractional Wannier-Stark ladders in DC/AC fields.
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The dynamics of cold Bose atoms in driven tilted optical lattices is analyzed focusing on destruction of Wannier-Stark localization and the phenomenon of band collapse. It is argued that an understanding of the experimental results requires thorough account for interaction effects. These are suppression of the ballistic spreading of atoms for resonant driving (a multiple of the driving frequency coincides with the Bloch frequency) and unbounded sub-diffusive spreading of atoms for off-resonant driving.
Summary form only given. We report the observation of dynamical suppression of Bloch bands due to an AC field. Our system consists of laser-cooled atoms in an optical lattice, rather than electrons in a superlattice. The main advantage of our system is the long coherence times, limited only by residual spontaneous scattering. In our experiment we trap neutral sodium atoms in the lowest band of a one-dimensional optical lattice. We then modulate the position of the potential to realize both an intense AC field and a weak spectroscopic probe in order to directly observe band suppression.
Recent work in atom optics has led to enormous progress in the study of quantum chaos and has addressed a broad range of problems in quantum transport, traditionally studied in the context of condensed matter physics. This issue brings together the various researchers working in the border domain between atom optics and solid state physics and focuses on atomic motion in light fields in a regime that is dominated by quantum effects. The topics discussed in this issue include: • quantum effects of atomic motion in light fields; • quantum chaos in time dependent lattices; • tunnelling in stationary or time-dependent lattices; • Wannier-Stark ladder and Bloch oscillations; • atomic band structures; • many-body effects on transport in optical lattices; • effects of decoherence on quantum transport; • weak and dynamical localization. At this point we take the opportunity to express our gratitude to the authors of the papers of this issue and the reviewers for their efforts in preparing and ensuring the high quality of the state of the art presentation.
Periodic Wannier–Stark ladder structures of the energy resonances associated with Bloch oscillations can be readily modified into quasi-periodic ones that exhibit peculiar self-similar effects. A compact theoretical description of the dynamics of driven Bloch oscillations is developed here within the quasi-momentum representation. We identify a rather viable scheme based on ultracold atomic wavepackets subject to gravity in a driven optical lattice potential where a self-similar scaling could be observed. Its feasibility in terms of realistic experimental parameters is also discussed.
We suggest that Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices subjected to ac forcing with a smooth envelope may provide detailed experimental access to multiphotonlike transitions between ac-Stark-shifted Bloch bands. Such transitions correspond to resonances described theoretically by avoided quasienergy crossings. We show that the width of such anticrossings can be inferred from measurements involving asymmetric pulses. We also introduce a pulse tracking strategy for locating the particular driving amplitudes for which resonances occur. Our numerical calculations refer to a currently existing experimental setup [E. Haller, R. Hart, M. J. Mark, J. G. Danzl, L. Reichs\"ollner, and H.-C. N\"agerl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 200403 (2010)].