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Physics Letters A

Optical magnetic resonance imaging of Rb vapor in low magnetic fields

J. Skalla, Gerhard Wäckerle, M Mehring, Alexander Pines

Published Feb 1, 1997• 23 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0375-9601(96)00927-9

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We present a detailed experimental analysis of Rb-polarization imaging in high-pressure gas cells. The Rb vapor in these cells is optically pumped by high-power diode-laser arrays. We present images for high (35 G) and low (4 G) magnetic fields and for different He and Xe buffer-gas mixtures. We demonstrate that high-field imaging provides an absolute measurement of the Rb-polarization distribution in the cell, based on the fact that a spin-temperature distribution of the hyperfine magnetic sublevels is established in high-pressure buffer gases. A survey of various mechanisms that broaden the Rb magnetic-resonance lines is presented. These broadening mechanisms determine the limits of the spatial resolution achievable for images of the Rb-polarization distribution.
We perform optical magnetic-resonance (MR) imaging of Cs atoms that are polarized by the transfer from the polarized Xe or Rb atoms in a glass cell as well as by direct optical pumping. With MR images of Cs by alternate optical pumping and detection the distribution of polarized Xe or Rb of low gas pressure is observed in a weak magnetic field. We also discuss the effect of the spin-relaxation and the spin-exchange collisions between Cs, Xe, and Rb atoms on the spatial resolution of MR images of the diffusing Cs atoms.
We report on the experimental measurement of the dc and microwave magnetic field distributions inside a recently developed compact magnetron-type microwave cavity mounted inside the physics package of a high-performance vapor-cell atomic frequency standard. Images of the microwave field distribution with sub-100-μm lateral spatial resolution are obtained by pulsed optical-microwave Rabi measurements, using the Rb atoms inside the cell as field probes and detecting with a CCD camera. Asymmetries observed in the microwave field images can be attributed to the precise practical realization of the cavity and the Rb vapor cell. Similar spatially resolved images of the dc magnetic field distribution are obtained by Ramsey-type measurements. The T2relaxation time in the Rb vapor cell is found to be position dependent and correlates with the gradient of the dc magnetic field. The presented method is highly useful for experimental in situ characterization of dc magnetic fields and resonant microwave structures, for atomic clocks or other atom-based sensors and instrumentation.