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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

Relaxation mechanism of optically pumped Rb vapor of high density in strong magnetic fields

Katsuya Yonehara, Tamio Yamagata, Yasushi Arimoto, Tetsuya Takeuchi, Masayoshi TANAKA

Published Nov 1, 2001• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00772-8

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Abstract The polarization of 129 Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is examined in high magnetic field. Measurements of the Rb–Xe velocity averaged spin exchange cross section 〈 σ v 〉 and the 129 Xe relaxation time in the absence of Rb, T 1 Xe , are discussed. Comparison of these high field results to low field literature values for 〈 σ v 〉 show that this parameter is essentially field independent. T 1 Xe is also found to be significantly longer in high field. On the basis of these observations, it is shown that production of large amounts of spin polarized 129 Xe gas can be made more efficient by high field operation.
Spin-exchange relaxation free alkali-metal magnetometers typically operate in the regime of high optical density, presenting challenges for simple and efficient optical pumping and detection. We describe a high-sensitivity Rb magnetometer using a single elliptically polarized off-resonant laser beam. Circular component of the light creates relatively uniform spin polarization while the linear component is used to measure optical rotation generated by the atoms. Modulation of the atomic spin direction with an oscillating magnetic field shifts the detected signal to high frequencies. Using a fiber-coupled distributed feedback laser, we achieve magnetic field sensitivity of 7 fT/Hz7\text{ }\text{fT}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}7 fT/Hz​ with a miniature $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5\text{ }\text{mm}\text{ }\text{Rb}$ vapor cell.
The polarization of 129Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is investigated in high magnetic field. Operation in a high field provides added spectral dispersion via Zeeman shifts of the electronic transitions. This simplifies the physics of the pumping process in such a way as to make it more amenable to treatment with simple rate theory. A relationship between the steady state 129Xe polarization and the applied laser power is derived which agrees with experimental results. This theory serves as a guide to the manufacture of very high polarizations of 129Xe gas.