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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Non-stationary Raman scattering of light in gas atoms without nuclear spin in the presence of elastic depolarising collisions

A. I. Alekseev, V N Beloborodov, O. V. Zhemerdeev

Published Jul 28, 1987• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical investigation of the non-stationary Raman scattering (RS) of light in gas atoms with no nuclear spin has been made. Account was taken of the level degeneracy due to the different orientation of the total angular momenta, the dependence of the RS signal on the polarisations of the light pulses and of the elastic depolarising collisions. Interesting RS polarisation properties have been found and assumed as a basis method for the identification of optically forbidden transitions and for the determination of parameters of the cubic susceptibility tensor. It has been proved that the polarisation properties and damping law of the non-stationary RS signal permit multipole relaxation rates of forbidden and allowed atomic transitions to be determined.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/20/14/028

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A theoretical investigation of the non-stationary Raman scattering (RS) of light in gas atoms with no nuclear spin has been made. Account was taken of the level degeneracy due to the different orientation of the total angular momenta, the dependence of the RS signal on the polarisations of the light pulses and of the elastic depolarising collisions. Interesting RS polarisation properties have been found and assumed as a basis method for the identification of optically forbidden transitions and for the determination of parameters of the cubic susceptibility tensor. It has been proved that the polarisation properties and damping law of the non-stationary RS signal permit multipole relaxation rates of forbidden and allowed atomic transitions to be determined.
A method of determining the relaxation constants of the multipole moments of gas atoms with non-zero nuclear spin has been proposed by using the polarisation properties and damping law of the non-stationary Raman scattering (NRS) of light. Correct account was taken of the depolarising atomic collisions and of the effect of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the atomic levels. The NRS polarisation properties found have been assumed to be a basis method for the identification of optically forbidden transitions in both the electronic and total angular momenta. A possible method of determining the HFS constants through analysis of the NRS quantum beats has been established.
Non-stationary two-photon absorption coherent spectroscopy free of Doppler broadening in an atomic gas has been considered in detail. Correct account has been taken of the level degeneracy and depolarizing collisions. This two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy has been developed for determining the relaxation rates of the atomic multipole moments in gas. A criterion to test the adopted model of the depolarizing collisions has been developed. A possible method for the identification of the atomic transitions in the angular momentum has been formulated. A technique of precisely determining the separation between the energy levels of the two-photon transition has been proposed. The conditions under which the Stokes wave is conjugated with respect to the probe pulse in amplitude, phase and polarization have been determined for the atomic gas in the presence of depolarizing collisions.
The Raman photon echo (RPE) in atomic vapour, allowing for depolarising atomic collisions and hyperfine structure of the atomic levels, has been studied theoretically. A new method of determining the electronic and electronic nuclear relaxation rates of the multipole moments of gas atoms with nonzero nuclear spin using the RPE has been proposed. The RPE method also makes it possible to measure the derivatives of these relaxation rates with respect to the impurity gas pressure. A method of determining the energy separation between the hyperfine structure sublevels has been developed. This method is based on the quantum beats of the RPE intensity and may be used when the hyperfine splitting is less than the Doppler linewidth. A possibility of identifying the forbidden transitions in both the electronic and total angular momenta has been shown.
A method of determining relaxation rates of electronic and electronic nuclear multipole moments of gas atoms with non-zero nuclear spin, using the Stokes three-level echo (STE) and the photon echo (PE), has been proposed. This method utilises the polarisation properties and damping laws of the STE and PE on the inhomogeneously broadened transitions. Correct account was taken of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the atomic levels and of the effect of the depolarising atomic collisions. The STE polarisation properties found have also been assumed to be a basis method for the identification of optically forbidden transitions in total angular momentum.
The theory of polarised light phase conjugation (PC) in non-degenerate four-wave mixing in a resonant medium has been developed in the irreducible tensorial formalism. The theory is applied to a wave with any polarisation in a resonant medium with levels of arbitrary momentum in the absence of pump-induced saturation effects. The formula for the non-linear susceptibility of the medium has been found and it is shown that the change of the polarisation at PC is essentially connected with the relaxation of the atomic multipole momenta (population, orientation and alignment). Wave equations were investigated for different pump-wave polarisations and three different physical mechanisms of the PC are discussed. The influence of the different relaxation rates of the atomic multipole momenta on the PC reflectivity has been investigated. The spectral dependence of the reflectivity and the spectral ranges which depend on the wave polarisation are found. For motionless atoms with small momenta (J 1 = 1 / 2 to J 2 = 1 / 2 , J 1 =1 to J 2 =0), exact formulae for the non-linear susceptibility of the medium as a function of pump intensity were found. The spontaneous decay of higher level to the lower one was taken into account. Because of optical pumping, saturation effects can be shown at considerably smaller intensities than in the usual two-level system. The exact expressions for the PC reflectivity at different polarisations of the pump waves are given.
A general approach to the problem of spontaneous transfer of light-induced anisotropy in the scheme of Raman scattering of resonance elliptically polarized light is developed. Depending on the type of the field-excited ( a )↔( b ) transition, the stationary distribution of atoms over the sublevels of the final level ( c ) coupled with the excited level only by the ( b )→( c ) spontaneous transition is either isotropic and does not depend on field parameters or anisotropic. In the latter case, the anisotropy is determined by both field polarization and (at fairly large level momentum values) field detuning and intensity.