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Applied Physics Letters

Parametric fluorescence in periodically poled silica fibers

Gabriele Bonfrate, Valerio Pruneri, Peter G. Kazansky, P. R. Tapster, John Rarity

Published Oct 18, 1999• 60 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of quasiphase matched parametric fluorescence from a periodically poled silica fiber. A pair-photon production rate of more than 100 MHz around 1532 nm was achieved in second-order nonlinear gratings for 300 mW of pump power at 766 nm. These results are very promising for the realization of reliable all-fiber single-photon sources for quantum cryptography systems and metrology applications.

DOI
10.1063/1.125013

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arXiv:2510.03619•Oct 4, 2025•0 citations
We report the observation of quasiphase matched parametric fluorescence from a periodically poled silica fiber. A pair-photon production rate of more than 100 MHz around 1532 nm was achieved in second-order nonlinear gratings for 300 mW of pump power at 766 nm. These results are very promising for the realization of reliable all-fiber single-photon sources for quantum cryptography systems and metrology applications.
We present observations of quasi-phase matched parametric fluorescence in a periodically poled twin-hole silica fiber. The phase matching condition in the fiber enables the generation of a degenerate signal field in the fiber-optic communication band centered on 1556 nm. We performed coincidence measurements and a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment to validate that the signal arises from photon pairs. A coincidence peak with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 4 using 43 mW of pump power and a Hong-Ou-Mandel dip showing 40% net visibility were measured. Moreover, the experiments were performed with standard single mode fibers spliced at both ends of the poled section, which makes this source easy to integrate in fiber-optic quantum communication applications.
Entangled photons are a fundamental resource in quantum applications. Broadband entangled photon sources have been used in applications such as high-resolution quantum sensing and wavelength-multiplexed quantum communication. In particular, in fiber-based quantum applications such as long-distance quantum clock synchronization and quantum key distribution in deployed fiber networks, a practical entangled source that is robust and compatible with silica fiber is highly sought after. Periodically poled silica fiber (PPSF) has been demonstrated to be a promising resource of entangled photon-pairs. PPSF uses the induced second-order nonlinearity in poled fiber to generate polarization-entangled photon pairs based on type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The negligible group birefringence of the PPSF ensures high-quality and broadband polarization entanglement without compensation, making it particularly suitable for these quantum applications. The PPSF-based source has a lot of potentials to be tapped because of its high entanglement quality, broadband emission bandwidth, simple structure, and its compatibility with the existing fiber infrastructure. In this thesis, I focus on the development of the PPSF-based entangled photon sources. I first investigate the design and the manufacturing process of the PPSF where I try to produce PPSF with improved performance and innovative properties. Next, I study the compensation-free nature of the PPSF-based polarization entanglement source and discuss the interplay between dispersion, birefringence, emission bandwidth, and polarization entanglement. Based on the theory, a commercial PPSF-based photon-pair source prototype is developed and patented. It has to my knowledge the simplest design of all polarization-entangled sources reported so far in the literature. Furthermore, I broaden the biphoton bandwidth by building a PPSF photon-pair source that emits biphotons at telecom O-band. With more than 24THz bandwidth, the biphotons generated in this source are the broadest of all O-band polarization-entangled photon sources reported to my knowledge. I also propose and experimentally demonstrate a polarization-frequency hyperentangled photon source using PPSF, which provides higher dimensionality by making use of entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom. Overall, this thesis contributes to the development of PPSF technology for practical quantum applications. I anticipate that the PPSF-based photon-pair source will play an important role in the era of quantum technology.
Broadband nonlinear optical devices play a critical role in both classical and quantum optics. Here, we design and fabricate a 6.82-mm-long step-chirped periodically poled lithium niobate (CPPLN) waveguide on lithium niobate on insulator, which enables quasi-phase matching over a broad bandwidth for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The SHG achieves an average efficiency of 91%/W/cm 2 over the first-harmonic wavelength range of 1510 nm–1620 nm, paving the way for realizing SPDC across a wide range of pump wavelengths. For SPDC, by tuning the pump wavelength to 775 nm, 780 nm, and 785 nm, we achieve broadband photon-pair generation with a maximum full bandwidth and brightness up to 99 THz (846 nm) and 21 MHz/mW/nm, respectively. Our findings provide an efficient and experiment-friendly approach for generating broadband photon pairs, which holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum metrology.
Broadband nonlinear optical devices play a critical role in both classical and quantum optics. Here, we design and fabricate a 6.82-mm-long step-chirped periodically poled lithium niobate~(CPPLN) waveguide on lithium niobate on insulator, which enables quasi-phase matching over a broad bandwidth for second-harmonic generation~(SHG) and spontaneous parametric down-conversion~(SPDC). The SHG achieves an average efficiency of 54.4\%/W/cm2^22 over the first-harmonic wavelength range of 1510~nm-1620~nm, paving the way for realizing SPDC across a wide range of pump wavelengths. For SPDC, by tuning the pump wavelength to 775~nm, 780~nm, and 785~nm, we achieve broadband photon-pair generation with a maximum full bandwidth and brightness up to 99~THz~(846~nm) and 20~GHz/mW/nm, respectively. Our findings provide an efficient and experiment-friendly approach for generating broadband photon pairs, which holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum metrology.