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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Hybrid Optical Bistability Using Antiferroelectric Behavior in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal

Hiroshi Moritake, Akira Tagawa, Masanori Ozaki, Katsumi Yoshino

Published Sep 1, 1991• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Hybrid optical bistability with an electrical feedback in surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal which shows antiferroelectric behavior has been studied. The ac operation of the feedback without dc bias voltage is also realized in the liquid crystal which shows a symmetrical transmission-voltage curve. Dynamic characteristics of the switching between optical bistable states by an incident light pulse have also been studied.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.30.2377

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Hybrid optical bistability with an electrical feedback in surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal which shows antiferroelectric behavior has been studied. The ac operation of the feedback without dc bias voltage is also realized in the liquid crystal which shows a symmetrical transmission-voltage curve. Dynamic characteristics of the switching between optical bistable states by an incident light pulse have also been studied.
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Abstract In the area of optical logic and optical information processing, such nonlinear optical devices as optical Instability, optical amplifier, and optical limiter are important basic elements. In this paper, the hybrid optical bistability and optical limiter characteristics are realized by means of an electrical linear feedback to a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell (SSFLC cell). If the feedback gain is positive, the optical bistability is obtained while the optical limiter characteristics are obtained if the gain is negative. Also, it was demonstrated that by instantaneously increasing or cutting the incident optical intensity in a pulsed state in the optical bistability region, the transmission light intensity can be switched from the low‐transmission state to the high‐transmission state or from the high‐ to low‐transmission state. The minimum pulsewidth needed for switching is 70 μs for the low‐transmission state to the high‐transmission state and 50 μs for the high‐transmission state to the low‐transmission state. Since the speed is very fast, the high‐speed response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used effectively.
The properties of intrinsic optical bistability in nematic liquid crystals were studied. This kind of optical bistability is without resonant optical cavity and electric feedback. We find that the nematic ROTN-200 film can exhibit bistability when applying a constant ac electric field (≊560 kHz) that is greater than a tricritical voltage VTc=2.614 V. The bistable interval is measured and the hysteresis loop is characterized at each different voltage. The splay and bent elastic constants k11 and k33 are obtained to calculate the numerical result. It is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with theory. The experimental setup with which we can easily observe the bistable phenomena is illustrated. Under the consideration of the finite size of the laser beam, the thermal effect and finite beam size effect are discussed. In addition, some new interesting phenomena about the diffraction ring structure of nematic liquid crystal are reported.
Optical bistability has been observed in a new configuration consisting of a nematic liquid crystal (ROTN 403) and a photorefractive crystal (KNbO3). The nematic liquid crystal (NLC), placed between crossed polarizers, serves as an optically controlled gate. The transmitted signal beam is amplified by photorefractive two-wave mixing and sent back onto the NLC in such a way that it changes the transmission of the gate. Bistability of the optical signal in the feedback loop with a large hysteresis is found. The bistable hysteresis curve depends on the nonlinearities of the NLC and of the photorefractive crystal, on the intensity of the storage beam and on the losses in the feedback loop.