Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Microscopic model of quantum noise in single-mode semiconductor lasers

Martino Travagnin, Luigi A. Lugiato

Published Sep 18, 2000• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the zero-frequency intensity noise of a single-mode semiconductor laser on the basis of a full quantum-mechanical model which takes into account the carrier distributions over the k states. The theory includes the effects of (i) Coulomb scattering processes, which tend to drive the carriers into intraband Fermi-Dirac quasiequilibrium; (ii) spectral hole burning, i.e., the carrier deviation from quasiequilibrium induced mainly by light-matter interaction; (iii) pump blocking, which, in conformity with the Pauli exclusion principle, prevents the pump carriers whose k state is already occupied from entering the active layer. Our analysis shows that Coulomb scattering and spectral hole burning have only negligible effects on the noise properties of the laser, while pump blocking can bring, under appropriate parametric conditions, a sizable increase of noise intensity. This additional noise can explain why quietly pumped semiconductor lasers fail to reach the perfect squeezing which is expected on the basis of the theory so far available. The squeezing-hindering effect of pump blocking is confirmed as different pumping schemes are employed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.62.043813

Related papers

Microscopic model of quantum noise in semiconductor lasers

Martino Travagnin, Luigi A. Lugiato

Summary form only given. The intensity noise properties of single-mode semiconductor lasers at zero-frequency are studied on the basis of an operator set of equations for the field, the material polarization, the microscopic carrier distribution and the total carrier number in each band. The theory includes the noise effects of (i) Coulomb scattering processes, which tend to drive the carriers into intraband Fermi-Dirac quasi-equilibrium, (ii) spectral hole burning, i.e. the carrier deviation from quasi-equilibrium induced mainly by light-matter interaction, (iii) pump-blocking, which, in conformity with the Pauli exclusion principle, prevents the pumped carriers whose k-state is already occupied from entering the active layer. All these phenomena are not considered in the standard theory, which starts from a macroscopic set of equations for the field and the total carrier population only. Our analysis shows that Coulomb scattering and spectral hole burning have only negligible effects on the noise properties of the laser, while pump-blocking can bring a sizable increase of intensity noise. Under certain parametric conditions this increase can raise the noise level above the shot noise limit, thus destroying any squeezing. We show that the pump-blocking induced additional noise originates from the field and the material polarization. Since the suppression of field and polarization noise is ensured respectively by destructive interference of field fluctuations at the output mirror and by gain saturation, we conclude that pump-blocking hampers both these phenomena.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Aug 29, 2005•0 citations

Squeezing hindering by pump blocking in semiconductor lasers

Martino Travagnin, F. Castelli, L. A. Lugiato

In this paper we study the zero-frequency intensity noise of a single-mode semiconductor laser. Our fully quantum-mechanical model includes carrier scattering, spectral hole burning and Pauli blocking in the pump. We show that, while scattering processes and spectral hole burning do not affect significantly the laser noise properties, pump blocking can reduce intensity squeezing.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•May 1, 2000•8 citations

Effects of Pauli blocking on semiconductor laser intensity and phase noise spectra

Martino Travagnin

In this paper we derive the intensity and phase noise spectra of a single-mode semiconductor laser on the basis of an operatorial Langevin set of equations that includes the dynamics of the microscopic variables, i.e., the carrier polarization and their distribution over the k states. In particular we take into account the fact that the carriers pumped into the active layer are subject to the blocking determined by Pauli exclusion principle. We demonstrate that, due to the fastness of the carrier scattering and polarization dephasing processes, the noise spectra can be determined on the basis of a macroscopic linearized set of three equations for the two quadrature components of the laser intensity and the total carrier number. A formal comparison with the paradigmatic results of [Yamamoto et al. Phys. Rev. A 34, 4025 (1986)] allows to deduce that the only essential difference arises from Pauli-induced pump blocking, which has the effect of increasing the low-frequency branch of the intensity noise spectrum. We demonstrate that, even for very small amounts of pump blocking, the low-frequency intensity noise steeply rises with the stationary value of the carrier density in the active layer, which depends on a great number of parameters. This result can explain the erratic behavior of the experimental findings and their discrepancy with the standard theoretical predictions.

Physical Review A•Jun 13, 2001•3 citations

Quantum fluctuations in multimode semiconductor lasers

L Borgatti, F. Castelli, Martino Travagnin +1 more

We derive a quantum macroscopic model for a multimode semiconductor laser, starting from a complete microscopic description. Nonlinear gain terms describing saturation and mode–mode interaction are obtained by a suitable treatment of the spectral hole burning in the distribution of carriers. In the case in which there are two neighbouring active longitudinal modes above threshold and for quiet pumping, we calculate the spectrum of the total intensity fluctuations at zero frequency. For moderate pumping level the nonlinear gain terms do not reduce the degree of anticorrelation between modes, leaving the squeezing in total intensity unchanged with respect to the single-mode case. Only for very high pumping does the nonlinear gain suppression become relevant, and the total intensity noise is increased.

Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Aug 1, 2002•1 citation

Noise squeezing in a semiconductor laser with an inhomogeneously broadened gain line

V. V. Kozlov, Alexei S. Trifonov

This paper is a theoretical analysis of the noise produced by a single-mode semiconductor laser. We allow for spectral hole-burning in the gain line and for the nonlinear dependence of the carrier spontaneous recombination rate on the number of carriers in the active area. We show that these processes do not inhibit the squeezing of the outgoing photon flux noise below the shot noise level at high pump currents but that the degree of squeezing decreases considerably. Finally, we establish that these processes also considerably narrow the squeezing bandwidth.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Aug 1, 1997•1 citation

Dynamical picture of quantum fluctuations in semiconductor lasers: the role of noise modulation and squeezing hindering by pump-blocking

Martino Travagnin, Luigi A. Lugiato

Summary form only given. The noise properties of semiconductor lasers are studied by using the equations for the photon and carrier number fluctuations extended to include the blocking of the injected carriers induced by the Pauli principle.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Aug 29, 2005•1 citation
We analyze the zero-frequency intensity noise of a single-mode semiconductor laser on the basis of a full quantum-mechanical model which takes into account the carrier distributions over the k states. The theory includes the effects of (i) Coulomb scattering processes, which tend to drive the carriers into intraband Fermi-Dirac quasiequilibrium; (ii) spectral hole burning, i.e., the carrier deviation from quasiequilibrium induced mainly by light-matter interaction; (iii) pump blocking, which, in conformity with the Pauli exclusion principle, prevents the pump carriers whose k state is already occupied from entering the active layer. Our analysis shows that Coulomb scattering and spectral hole burning have only negligible effects on the noise properties of the laser, while pump blocking can bring, under appropriate parametric conditions, a sizable increase of noise intensity. This additional noise can explain why quietly pumped semiconductor lasers fail to reach the perfect squeezing which is expected on the basis of the theory so far available. The squeezing-hindering effect of pump blocking is confirmed as different pumping schemes are employed.
Summary form only given. The intensity noise properties of single-mode semiconductor lasers at zero-frequency are studied on the basis of an operator set of equations for the field, the material polarization, the microscopic carrier distribution and the total carrier number in each band. The theory includes the noise effects of (i) Coulomb scattering processes, which tend to drive the carriers into intraband Fermi-Dirac quasi-equilibrium, (ii) spectral hole burning, i.e. the carrier deviation from quasi-equilibrium induced mainly by light-matter interaction, (iii) pump-blocking, which, in conformity with the Pauli exclusion principle, prevents the pumped carriers whose k-state is already occupied from entering the active layer. All these phenomena are not considered in the standard theory, which starts from a macroscopic set of equations for the field and the total carrier population only. Our analysis shows that Coulomb scattering and spectral hole burning have only negligible effects on the noise properties of the laser, while pump-blocking can bring a sizable increase of intensity noise. Under certain parametric conditions this increase can raise the noise level above the shot noise limit, thus destroying any squeezing. We show that the pump-blocking induced additional noise originates from the field and the material polarization. Since the suppression of field and polarization noise is ensured respectively by destructive interference of field fluctuations at the output mirror and by gain saturation, we conclude that pump-blocking hampers both these phenomena.
In this paper we derive the intensity and phase noise spectra of a single-mode semiconductor laser on the basis of an operatorial Langevin set of equations that includes the dynamics of the microscopic variables, i.e., the carrier polarization and their distribution over the k states. In particular we take into account the fact that the carriers pumped into the active layer are subject to the blocking determined by Pauli exclusion principle. We demonstrate that, due to the fastness of the carrier scattering and polarization dephasing processes, the noise spectra can be determined on the basis of a macroscopic linearized set of three equations for the two quadrature components of the laser intensity and the total carrier number. A formal comparison with the paradigmatic results of [Yamamoto et al. Phys. Rev. A 34, 4025 (1986)] allows to deduce that the only essential difference arises from Pauli-induced pump blocking, which has the effect of increasing the low-frequency branch of the intensity noise spectrum. We demonstrate that, even for very small amounts of pump blocking, the low-frequency intensity noise steeply rises with the stationary value of the carrier density in the active layer, which depends on a great number of parameters. This result can explain the erratic behavior of the experimental findings and their discrepancy with the standard theoretical predictions.
We derive a quantum macroscopic model for a multimode semiconductor laser, starting from a complete microscopic description. Nonlinear gain terms describing saturation and mode–mode interaction are obtained by a suitable treatment of the spectral hole burning in the distribution of carriers. In the case in which there are two neighbouring active longitudinal modes above threshold and for quiet pumping, we calculate the spectrum of the total intensity fluctuations at zero frequency. For moderate pumping level the nonlinear gain terms do not reduce the degree of anticorrelation between modes, leaving the squeezing in total intensity unchanged with respect to the single-mode case. Only for very high pumping does the nonlinear gain suppression become relevant, and the total intensity noise is increased.
This paper is a theoretical analysis of the noise produced by a single-mode semiconductor laser. We allow for spectral hole-burning in the gain line and for the nonlinear dependence of the carrier spontaneous recombination rate on the number of carriers in the active area. We show that these processes do not inhibit the squeezing of the outgoing photon flux noise below the shot noise level at high pump currents but that the degree of squeezing decreases considerably. Finally, we establish that these processes also considerably narrow the squeezing bandwidth.