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The European Physical Journal D

An experimental investigation of the trap-dynamics of a cesium magneto-optical trap at high laser intensities

Muhammad Anwar, Muhammad Hamza Faisal, Mushtaq Ahmed

Published Dec 1, 2013• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2013-40510-x

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Studies of Magneto-Optically and Magnetostatically Trapped Cesium in a Cryogenic Vacuum Apparatus

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The use of a cryogenic apparatus has several advantages for the magneto-optical and magnetostatic trapping of atoms. We have measured the lifetimes of magneto-optical and magnetostatic traps for cesium to be greatly increased in a cryogenic vacuum environment relative to a room-temperature vacuum environment, due to reduced background pressure and reduced mass and kinetic energy of background gas atoms. Another advantage of a cryogenic apparatus is that superconducting magnetic field coils can easily be used to generate very high magnetic field gradients for stronger confinement of the trapped atoms. We report the first measurements of the stability of MOT's at high magnetic field gradients and laser intensities, and compare the results to a model based on evaporation of atoms from the MOT using a Fokker-Planck equation approach. This model is more consistent with the data than an alternative model based on ejection of atoms by magnetic dipole forces. We also measure the dynamical parameters for magneto-optically trapped atoms at both high and low magnetic field gradients and with trapping laser intensities above saturation and compare the data to a simple physical model based on polarization gradient cooling. Consistent with measurements by other groups, the measured friction is consistent with the polarization gradient model, but the measured spring constant is drastically reduced and more consistent with the predictions of the Doppler theory.

•Sep 9, 2026•0 citations
We report on the observation of ultracold ground electric-state cesium molecules produced directly in a magneto—optical trap with a good signal-to-noise ratio. These molecules arise from the photoassociation of magneto—optical trap lasers and they are detected by resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization technology. The production rate of ultracold cesium molecules is up to 4×10 4 s −1 . We measure the characteristic time of the ground electric-state cesium molecules generated in the experiment and investigate the Cs 2 + molecular ion intensity as a function of the trapping laser intensity and the ionization pulse laser energy. We conclude that the production of cold cesium molecules may be enhanced by using appropriate experimental parameters, which is useful for future experiments involving the production and trapping of ultracold ground electric-state molecules.
The use of a cryogenic apparatus has several advantages for the magneto-optical and magnetostatic trapping of atoms. We have measured the lifetimes of magneto-optical and magnetostatic traps for cesium to be greatly increased in a cryogenic vacuum environment relative to a room-temperature vacuum environment, due to reduced background pressure and reduced mass and kinetic energy of background gas atoms. Another advantage of a cryogenic apparatus is that superconducting magnetic field coils can easily be used to generate very high magnetic field gradients for stronger confinement of the trapped atoms. We report the first measurements of the stability of MOT's at high magnetic field gradients and laser intensities, and compare the results to a model based on evaporation of atoms from the MOT using a Fokker-Planck equation approach. This model is more consistent with the data than an alternative model based on ejection of atoms by magnetic dipole forces. We also measure the dynamical parameters for magneto-optically trapped atoms at both high and low magnetic field gradients and with trapping laser intensities above saturation and compare the data to a simple physical model based on polarization gradient cooling. Consistent with measurements by other groups, the measured friction is consistent with the polarization gradient model, but the measured spring constant is drastically reduced and more consistent with the predictions of the Doppler theory.