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AIP conference proceedings

Quantification of quantum discord in a antiferromagnetic Heisenberg compound

Harkirat Singh, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Chiranjib Mitra

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental quantification of concurrence and quantum discord from heat capacity (Cp) measurement performed over a solid state system has been reported. In this work, thermodynamic measurements were performed on copper nitrate (CN, Cu(NO3)2⋅2.5H2O) single crystals which is an alternating antiferromagnet Heisenberg spin 1/2 system. CN being a weak dimerized antiferromagnet is an ideal system to investigate correlations between spins. The theoretical expressions were used to obtain concurrence and quantum discord curves as a function of temperature from heat capacity data of a real macroscopic system, CN.

DOI
10.1063/1.4873030

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An experimental quantification of concurrence and quantum discord from heat capacity (Cp) measurement performed over a solid state system has been reported. In this work, thermodynamic measurements were performed on copper nitrate (CN, Cu(NO3)2⋅2.5H2O) single crystals which is an alternating antiferromagnet Heisenberg spin 1/2 system. CN being a weak dimerized antiferromagnet is an ideal system to investigate correlations between spins. The theoretical expressions were used to obtain concurrence and quantum discord curves as a function of temperature from heat capacity data of a real macroscopic system, CN.
The total quantum correlation (discord) in Heisenberg dimers is expressed via the spin-spin correlation function, internal energy, specific heat, or magnetic susceptibility. This allows one to indirectly measure the discord through neutron scattering, as well as calorimetric or magnetometric experiments. Using the available experimental data, we found the discord for a number of binuclear Heisenberg substances with both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. For the dimerized antiferromagnet copper nitrate $\mathrm{Cu}({\mathrm{NO}}_{3}){}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2.5{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, the three independent experimental methods named above lead to a discord of approximately 0.2--0.3 bit/dimer at a temperature of 4 K. We also determined the temperature behavior of discord for hydrated and anhydrous copper acetates, as well as for the ferromagnetic binuclear copper acetate complex $[{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{L}(\mathrm{OAc})]\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, where L is a ligand.
A quantitative estimation of quantum discord is performed for a Heisenberg spin 1/2 dimer compound (NH4CuPO4, H2O) by means of experimental magnetic and thermal measurements. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data were collected for NH4CuPO4, H2O and analyzed within the framework of the Heisenberg isolated dimer model. Internal energy as a function of temperature is obtained by integrating the specific heat versus temperature data. Subsequently, quantum discord, total correlations and spin-spin correlation function are quantified from susceptibility and internal energy and plotted as a function of temperature. Violation of Bell's inequality is also tested for NH4CuPO4, H2O via both experimental susceptibility and specific heat data signifying the presence of entanglement.
The quantum discord, which quantifies the amount of quantum correlations present between parts of a system, is investigated for antiferromagnetic spin systems. The discord for a pair of spins in the many-spin ground state is related to the diagonal and off-diagonal spin-spin correlation functions and the local magnetization. For isotropic and translationally invariant states, the discord is shown to be a function of the diagonal correlation function only. Thus, near a thermal/quantum critical point, the discord for a pair of spins shows long-range behavior, analogously of the correlation function. The discord exhibits a kink singularity as a function of the anisotropy parameter for the the ground state of the Heisenberg model, for both nearest-neighbor spins as well as for well-separated spins. The preferred measurement basis for the minimum conditional entropy, which determines the discord, changes discontinuously across the critical point. The conditional entropy distribution over all possible the measurement basis is investigated. For the isotropic model, the distribution is just a delta-function, whereas it has a twin-peak structure for anisotropic model. It is shown that the average value and the mean-square fluctuation of the conditional entropy also show a signature of the critical-point behavior.
Quantum phase transitions of the transverse Ising and antiferromagnetic XXZXXZXXZ spin S=1/2S=1/2S=1/2 chains are studied using quantum discord. Quantum discord allows the measure of quantum correlations present in many-body quantum systems. It is shown that the amount of quantum correlations increases close to the critical points. The observations are in agreement with the information provided by the concurrence, which measures the entanglement of the many-body system.
We review recent studies on the measures of zero temperature quantum correlations namely, the quantum entanglement (concurrence) and discord present in the final state of a transverse XY spin chain following a quench through quantum critical points; the aim of these studies is to explore the scaling of the above quantities as a function of the quench rate. A comparative study between the concurrence and the quantum discord shows that their behavior is qualitatively the same though there are quantitative differences. For the present model, the scaling of both the quantities are given by the scaling of the density of the defect present in the final state though one cannot find a closed form expression for the discord. We also extend our study of quantum discord to a transverse Ising chain in the presence of a three spin interaction. Finally, we present a study of the dynamical evolution of quantum discord and concurrence when two central qubits, initially prepared in a Werner state, are coupled to the environmental XY spin chain which is driven through quantum critical points. The qualitative behavior of quantum discord and concurrence are found to be similar as that of the decoherence factor.
The correlations between a pair of spins in a many-spin state encoded in the diagonal and off-diagonal spin–spin correlation functions. These spin functions determine the quantum correlation measures, like pair-wise concurrence, quantum discord and other measures of quantum information. We show that for isotropic and translationally invariant states, the quantum correlations depend only on the diagonal spin correlation function. The pair concurrence shows a strict short-ranged behavior. The distribution of concurrence for a random W-like state exhibits a long tail for both time-reversal invariant states and for states that break the time reversal. The quantum discord can be related to the diagonal spin correlation function. As the spin function is long range close to a critical point, analogously the quantum discord exhibits a long range behavior. For the isotropic state, the conditional entropy distribution is a Dirac delta function, whereas it has a twin-peak structure for the anisotropic model.