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arXiv:1104.1276 · Physical Review B

Quantum discord in spin-cluster materials

M. A. Yurishchev

Published Jul 13, 2011• 40 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The total quantum correlation (discord) in Heisenberg dimers is expressed via the spin-spin correlation function, internal energy, specific heat, or magnetic susceptibility. This allows one to indirectly measure the discord through neutron scattering, as well as calorimetric or magnetometric experiments. Using the available experimental data, we found the discord for a number of binuclear Heisenberg substances with both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. For the dimerized antiferromagnet copper nitrate $\mathrm{Cu}({\mathrm{NO}}_{3}){}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2.5{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, the three independent experimental methods named above lead to a discord of approximately 0.2--0.3 bit/dimer at a temperature of 4 K. We also determined the temperature behavior of discord for hydrated and anhydrous copper acetates, as well as for the ferromagnetic binuclear copper acetate complex $[{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{L}(\mathrm{OAc})]\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, where L is a ligand.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.84.024418

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The total quantum correlation (discord) in Heisenberg dimers is expressed via the spin-spin correlation function, internal energy, specific heat, or magnetic susceptibility. This allows one to indirectly measure the discord through neutron scattering, as well as calorimetric or magnetometric experiments. Using the available experimental data, we found the discord for a number of binuclear Heisenberg substances with both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. For the dimerized antiferromagnet copper nitrate Cu(NO3)2\ifmmode⋅\else\textperiodcentered\fi2.5H2O\mathrm{Cu}({\mathrm{NO}}_{3}){}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2.5{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}Cu(NO3​)2​\ifmmode⋅\else\textperiodcentered\fi2.5H2​O, the three independent experimental methods named above lead to a discord of approximately 0.2--0.3 bit/dimer at a temperature of 4 K. We also determined the temperature behavior of discord for hydrated and anhydrous copper acetates, as well as for the ferromagnetic binuclear copper acetate complex [Cu2L(OAc)]\ifmmode⋅\else\textperiodcentered\fi6H2O[{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{L}(\mathrm{OAc})]\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}[Cu2​L(OAc)]\ifmmode⋅\else\textperiodcentered\fi6H2​O, where L is a ligand.
A quantitative estimation of quantum discord is performed for a Heisenberg spin 1/2 dimer compound (NH4CuPO4, H2O) by means of experimental magnetic and thermal measurements. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data were collected for NH4CuPO4, H2O and analyzed within the framework of the Heisenberg isolated dimer model. Internal energy as a function of temperature is obtained by integrating the specific heat versus temperature data. Subsequently, quantum discord, total correlations and spin-spin correlation function are quantified from susceptibility and internal energy and plotted as a function of temperature. Violation of Bell's inequality is also tested for NH4CuPO4, H2O via both experimental susceptibility and specific heat data signifying the presence of entanglement.
An experimental quantification of concurrence and quantum discord from heat capacity (Cp) measurement performed over a solid state system has been reported. In this work, thermodynamic measurements were performed on copper nitrate (CN, Cu(NO3)2⋅2.5H2O) single crystals which is an alternating antiferromagnet Heisenberg spin 1/2 system. CN being a weak dimerized antiferromagnet is an ideal system to investigate correlations between spins. The theoretical expressions were used to obtain concurrence and quantum discord curves as a function of temperature from heat capacity data of a real macroscopic system, CN.
We demonstrate that inelastic neutron scattering technique can be used to indirectly detect and measure the macroscopic quantum correlations quantified by both entanglement and discord in a quantum magnetic material, VODPO4 . 1D2O. The amount of quantum correlations is obtained 2 by analyzing the neutron scattering data of magnetic excitations in isolated V4+ spin dimers. Our quantitative analysis shows that the critical temperature of this material can reach as high as Tc = 82.5 K, where quantum entanglement drops to zero. Significantly, quantum discord can even survive at Tc = 300 K and may be used in room temperature quantum devices. Taking into account the spin-orbit (SO) coupling, we also predict theoretically that entanglement can be significantly enhanced and the critical temperature Tc increases with the strength of spin-orbit coupling.
The quantum discord, which quantifies the amount of quantum correlations present between parts of a system, is investigated for antiferromagnetic spin systems. The discord for a pair of spins in the many-spin ground state is related to the diagonal and off-diagonal spin-spin correlation functions and the local magnetization. For isotropic and translationally invariant states, the discord is shown to be a function of the diagonal correlation function only. Thus, near a thermal/quantum critical point, the discord for a pair of spins shows long-range behavior, analogously of the correlation function. The discord exhibits a kink singularity as a function of the anisotropy parameter for the the ground state of the Heisenberg model, for both nearest-neighbor spins as well as for well-separated spins. The preferred measurement basis for the minimum conditional entropy, which determines the discord, changes discontinuously across the critical point. The conditional entropy distribution over all possible the measurement basis is investigated. For the isotropic model, the distribution is just a delta-function, whereas it has a twin-peak structure for anisotropic model. It is shown that the average value and the mean-square fluctuation of the conditional entropy also show a signature of the critical-point behavior.
Quantum discord (QD) is a general measure of bipartite quantum correlations with a potential role in quantum information processing tasks. Spin clusters serve as ideal candidates for the implementation of some of the associated protocols. In this paper, we consider a symmetric spin trimer and a tetramer which describe a number of known molecular magnets and compute the QD in the ground and thermal states of the clusters. The variations of the QD as a function of an anisotropy parameter, magnetic field and temperature are investigated. We obtain a number of interesting results such as a finite value of the QD in the trimer ground state for which the pairwise entanglement is known to be zero, differences in the nature of some of the variations in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases, and discontinuous jumps in the magnitude of the QD at first-order quantum phase transition points. A remarkable feature that is observed is that the QD completely vanishes only in the asymptotic limit of temperature T → ∞. We further study the dynamics of the QD and the pairwise entanglement at T = 0 under the effect of a dephasing channel describing the interaction of the reduced spin cluster state with independent local environments. The QD is found to vanish asymptotically as t → ∞. In the case of the spin trimer, the pairwise entanglement has a zero value at all times and reaches a zero value in a finite time in the case of the tetramer.
Quantum discord (QD) is a general measure of bipartite quantum correlations with a potential role in quantum information processing tasks. Spin clusters serve as ideal candidates for the implementation of some of the associated protocols. In this paper, we consider a symmetric spin trimer and a tetramer which describe a number of known molecular magnets and compute the QD in the ground and thermal states of the clusters. The variations of the QD as a function of an anisotropy parameter, magnetic field and temperature are investigated. We obtain a number of interesting results such as a finite value of the QD in the trimer ground state for which the pairwise entanglement is known to be zero, differences in the nature of some of the variations in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases, and discontinuous jumps in the magnitude of the QD at first-order quantum phase transition points. A remarkable feature that is observed is that the QD completely vanishes only in the asymptotic limit of temperature T → ∞. We further study the dynamics of the QD and the pairwise entanglement at T = 0 under the effect of a dephasing channel describing the interaction of the reduced spin cluster state with independent local environments. The QD is found to vanish asymptotically as t → ∞. In the case of the spin trimer, the pairwise entanglement has a zero value at all times and reaches a zero value in a finite time in the case of the tetramer.