It is shown that the Hartree-Bogolyubov theory of pairing correlations leads, in a clear and consistent manner, to a generalization of the Green function method of Gor'kov.
Gor'kov factorization, $〈{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(1){\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(2)\ensuremath{\psi}(3)\ensuremath{\psi}(4)〉\ensuremath{\rightarrow}〈{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(1){\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(2)〉〈\ensuremath{\psi}(3)\ensuremath{\psi}(4)〉$, is made the basis of a generalized self-consistent-field (SCF) theory precisely analogous to that previously developed for Hartree factorization, $〈{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(1){\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(2)\ensuremath{\psi}(3)\ensuremath{\psi}(4)〉\ensuremath{\rightarrow}〈{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(1)\ensuremath{\psi}(4)〉〈({\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(2)\ensuremath{\psi}(3)〉$. The generalized SCF method is reviewed in the context of Gor'kov factorization. The corresponding simple SCF theory is developed to illustrate the method and is shown to give a simple Hamiltonian version of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of super-conductivity and, more generally, of coherent pairing. The notion of an external pairing field is introduced and the corresponding response functions developed via a formalism like that of Kubo. General fluctuation-dissipation theorems are proved for the response functions. An equation of state is then obtained by a formulation analogous to the dielectric formulation. The insertion of the simple SCF approximation to the response function into the equation of state yields a generalization of the usual low-density (or short-range) evaluation of the grand potential to arbitrary temperatures. Screening the bare interaction with this approximate response function converts the former into the t matrix of the independent-pair approximation. The entire analysis gives an underlying unity to the currently disparate treatments of superconductivity, of long-range correlations, and of short-range correlations.
This chapter considers the analog of the time-dependent Hartree–Fock (mean-field) decoupling treated in Part I and extends it to the broken-symmetry phase for superfluid fermions. Two coupled equations for the “normal” and “anomalous” time-dependent single-particle Green’s functions are obtained, which extend to nonequilibrium situations the equations originally obtained at equilibrium by Gor’kov, soon after the BCS original article on the theory of superconductivity. Accordingly, the time-dependent gap (order) parameter is also introduced.