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Physical Review Letters

Backaction Cancellation in Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of Optical Solitons

Andrey B. Matsko, V. V. Kozlov, Marlan O. Scully

Published Apr 19, 1999• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a new scheme for quantum nondemolition measurement, where the backaction noise due to self-phase modulation in an optical fiber is canceled by passing a probe soliton through a near-resonant two-level system with negative ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ nonlinearity.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.82.3244

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We present a new scheme for quantum nondemolition measurement, where the backaction noise due to self-phase modulation in an optical fiber is canceled by passing a probe soliton through a near-resonant two-level system with negative \ensuremathχ(3){\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}\ensuremathχ(3) nonlinearity.
Cancellation of excess noise of quantum optical solitons is based on successive passage of a soliton through an optical fiber with positive nonlinearity and negative dispersion and then through a near-resonant two-level systems with negative nonlinearity and positive dispersion. An evolution of a quantum fluctuation in one medium will be reversed in the other. In such a way, the unwanted excess noise due to self- phase modulation in optical fibers can be fully suppressed leading to a radical improvement of accuracy of quantum nondemolition measurements of optical solitons. A detailed discussion of the compensation method with thorough numerical estimations for existing resonant media is provided.
We report the quantum-nondemolition measurement of the photon number of an optical soliton. Taking advantage of the conservation properties of quantum solitons, we were able to read out the photon number of a ``signal'' soliton via the phase of a ``probe'' soliton after a soliton collision in a single-mode low-loss optical fiber. Subsequent noise measurements showed the photon number fluctuations of the signal soliton at the shot-noise limit to be correlated to the phase fluctuations of the probe soliton, signifying a backaction-evading measurement of the photon number.
We report the quantum-nondemolition measurement of the photon number of an optical soliton. Taking advantage of the conservation properties of quantum solitons, we were able to read out the photon number of a ``signal'' soliton via the phase of a ``probe'' soliton after a soliton collision in a single-mode low-loss optical fiber. Subsequent noise measurements showed the photon number fluctuations of the signal soliton at the shot-noise limit to be correlated to the phase fluctuations of the probe soliton, signifying a backaction-evading measurement of the photon number.
The collision of solitons in optical fibers is a promising scheme for the quantum-nondemolition measurement of the photon number using the cross Kerr effect. In a realistic experimental situation, the sensitivity of the measurement is limited not only by self-phase-modulation noise of the probe but also by the phase noise added due to the vibrational excitations of the fiber. Former schemes proposed to overcome either of these problems are not compatible with each other. In this paper the sensitivity of different type of detection is carefully studied. We propose a solution based on the use of a phase-shifting cavity. We show that this provides a conceptually and practically simple solution eliminating simultaneously both sources of excess noise.
Quantization of optical solitons is discussed, using the nonlinear Fourier-transform (inverse-scattering) method. A quantum soliton is described in terms of two sets of conjugate variables such as the photon number and the phase, and the momentum and the center position. The theory of a soliton collision is extended to describe the quantum-nondemolition measurement of soliton photon number and momentum. These two variables are indeed quantum-nondemolition observables and can be measured by means of the phase and the center position of the probe soliton. It is demonstrated that the measurement error and backaction noise on the conjugate variable satisfy an uncertainty product.