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Review of Scientific Instruments

Optimum design and construction of a Zeeman slower for use with a magneto-optic trap

C. J. Dedman, J. Nes, Thomas M. Hanna, R. G. Dall, K. G. H. Baldwin, Andrew G. Truscott

Published Nov 10, 2004• 41 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method for optimizing the design and construction of a Zeeman slower coil is presented. Unlike traditional designs, the measured magnetic field profile very accurately matches the desired field profile, enabling significant advantages for loading a magneto-optic trap.
DOI
10.1063/1.1820524

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Zeeman slowers come in two commonly used types: electromagnet-based slowers and permanent-magnet slowers. Both have characteristic advantages and disadvantages. The electric currents required to create strong magnetic fields lead to heat dissipation that limits the achievable fields, while permanent-magnet slowers cause bias magnetic fields at the position of the magneto-optical trap. Here, we combine both approaches and their advantages at our lithium-6 triangular-lattice quantum gas microscope and extend the field of an electromagnet-based Zeeman slower using permanent magnets. We observe nearly doubled loading rates of the magneto-optical trap and no significant stray fields in the trapping region. Our approach allows for a stronger magnetic field in places where geometric constraints prevent the use of coils, and it provides a low-cost upgrade to the loading rate at established experiments.
We present two new approaches for the design of a Zeeman Slower, which rely on optimal compliance with the adiabatic following condition and are applicable to a wide variety of systems. The first approach is an analytical one, based on the assumption that the noise in the system is position independent. When compared with the traditional approach, which requires constant deceleration, for a typical system, we show an improvement of ∼ 10% in the maximal capture velocity, allowing for a larger slower acceptance, or a reduction of ∼ 25% in slower length, allowing for a simpler design and a better collimated beam. The second approach relies on an optimization of a system in which the magnetic field and the noise profile are well known. As an example, we use our 12-coil modular design and show an improvement of ∼ 9% in maximal capture velocity or, alternatively, a reduction of ∼ 33% in slower length as compared with the traditional approach.
We present a method of constructing an automatically reconfigurable, modular, electronic Zeeman slower, which is remotely controlled. This setup is used to investigate the ability of different magnetic field profiles to slow thermal atoms to the capture velocity of a magneto-optical-trap. We show that a simple numerical optimization process yields better results than the commonly used approach for deciding on the appropriate field and comes close to the optimum field, found by utilizing a fast feedback loop which uses a genetic algorithm. Our new numerical method is easily adaptable to a variety of existing slower designs and may be beneficial where feedback is unavailable.