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Optica Acta International Journal of Optics

Coherent Pulse Propagation on a Q-branch Transition in Atomic Iodine Vapour

Gan Xu, Terence A. King, J. J. Bannister

Published Jan 1, 1985• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Self-induced transparency (SIT) has been observed on a Q(J)-branch transition (J=2) for the first time. Coherent field-matter interaction was studied using a photodissociation atomic iodine laser system operating on the 2P1/2 F=2 →2P3/2 F′=2 magnetic dipole hyperfine transition and a self-resonant iodine vapour. With linearly polarized radiation the propagation phenomena are characterized by high transparency and large time delay at pulse areas θ > π and small-pulse splitting at θ ≃ π. With circularly polarized radiation, non-degenerate SIT is observed. The results can be explained by the dynamic effects of the different dipole moments involved in the process.

DOI
10.1080/713821636

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Quantum coherence and interference in atomic systems can lead to interesting optical phenomena such as nonabsorbing resonances, lasing without inversion, generating an ultrahigh index of refraction without absorption, propagation of light pulses without losses. In the last-named is given the title transparency. Up to now it is known some types of transparency in multi-level resonant media. One of them is electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The phenomenon of EIT in the propagation of laser radiation through an absorbing medium has been recently investigated and explained in terms of quantum coherence and interference for multi-level atomic system. For instance in the (Lambda) -system, if the atomic medium is prepared in a quantum superposition of states, matched pulses, i.e., a pair of optical pulses whose amplitude and phase have a well defined relation, propagate without absorption. The mechanism of coherent population trapping is responsible for EIT in a (Lambda) -system. There is another, well known mechanism for creating transparency in a two-state atom: self-induced transparency, or SIT. Here, a single pulse whose area (the integral of its Rabi frequency over time) is 2(pi) is applied to the medium. Such a pulse causes the atoms to cycle smoothly from the ground to the excited state and then back again. In principle, such a pulse can propagate over long distances. SIT can be generalized to multi-level systems and multiple quasi-monochromatic fields. Generalization of SIT in a (Lambda) -system was obtained in reference 2. In this report we present a new type of transparency (combined transparency). This type describes propagation of laser pulse through a (Lambda) -type medium where the initial atomic state is prepared in the form of spatially varying coherent superposition of low-energetic states (initial coherency gradient). The common envelope behaves as usual 2(pi) hyperbolic secant pulse, but the ratio between the components of frequencies transitions 1> yields 3> and 2> yields 3> changes due to coherent Raman scattering so (phi) equals atan(E1/E2) equals (pi) /2-Gz, where z is the coordinate, G is the constant determined by both the incident pulse parameters and the initial coherence between the atomic states. Our solution demonstrates a direct connection of EIT in adiabatic regime to the SIT effects. This type of a transparency is given the title screw-type transparency, because for the given form of incident pulse (pitch of screw) medium is transparent, if medium's the initial coherence gradient is correspondingly prepared (thread on a engine nut). Besides a transparency, this phenomenon contains a transformation of the incident pulse frequency during the process of the propagation. This property of the phenomena can be result in a complete conversion of the frequency.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 5, 1999•0 citations
Self-induced transparency (SIT) has been observed on a Q(J)-branch transition (J=2) for the first time. Coherent field-matter interaction was studied using a photodissociation atomic iodine laser system operating on the 2P1/2 F=2 →2P3/2 F′=2 magnetic dipole hyperfine transition and a self-resonant iodine vapour. With linearly polarized radiation the propagation phenomena are characterized by high transparency and large time delay at pulse areas θ > π and small-pulse splitting at θ ≃ π. With circularly polarized radiation, non-degenerate SIT is observed. The results can be explained by the dynamic effects of the different dipole moments involved in the process.
Self-induced transparency has been observed on a Q(2)Q(2)Q(2)-degenerate transition for the first time. Coherent interaction occurs as a short pulse from the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}F=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$, magnetic dipole transition of the atomic-iodine laser passes through a self-resonant iodine vapor. High transparency and considerable pulse delay at input pulse areas $\ensuremath{\theta}>\ensuremath{\pi}$, and small-pulse splitting at $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{\pi}$ characterized the phenomena.
Coherent propagation of intense short laser pulses through degenerate absorbing media is investigated with the use of an atomic-iodine laser-absorber self-resonant combination. Four degenerate systems, the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$, $F=3\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{F}=0,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and $F=2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{F}=0,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ transitions, are studied under various conditions. Theoretical analysis based on the "pulse-area---pulse-energy" approach shows different pulse propagation behaviors for three typical types of degeneracy. Experimental results give good agreement with theoretical predictions. It is concluded that self-induced transparency exists in any degenerate two-level system, provided that suitable polarization of radiation is used. The usefulness of self-induced-transparency phenomena for measurements of transitional dipole moment and homogeneous relaxation time is also demonstrated.
The observation of self-induced transparency on the magnetic dipole 2P1/2 F = 3 5 2P3/2 F′ = 4, j MF = 0 transition of atomic iodine has been extended to cover pulse areas up to 4 ~. Laser pulses of various areas have been shown to be reshaped considerably by the coherent field-matter interaction. Pulses have been found to narrow by two-thirds for a 3 ~ -pulse. The lower limit of the homogeneous relaxation time T′2 of atomic iodine vapour is determined from pulse broadening and transmission measurements.
Self-induced transparency has been observed for the degenerate, $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4$, hyperfine component of the 1.315-\ensuremath{\mu}m magnetic dipole transition of atomic iodine, at high optical power levels, up to 50 MW ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. For pulse areas approaching $2\ensuremath{\pi}$, the dynamics of the strong coherent resonant self-focusing which accompanies self-induced transparency have been studied with a streak camera to provide time-dependent analysis of the spatial beam profile.
Self-induced transparency (SIT) is a kind of coherent transient phenomena in two-level atomic system. The optical pulse with an area that is an integer multiple of 2π, which causes SIT in an absorber, is stable and a kind of soliton. Thus SIT is expected to be useful in pulse compression and pulse shaping. In this paper, we discuss some problems in experiments of SIT and surveys the experimental results of SIT. It is also described the recent experimental results of coherent nonlinear pulse propagation in BiI3 crystal using tunable sub-picosecond pulses.
Quantum coherence and interference in atomic systems can lead to interesting optical phenomena such as nonabsorbing resonances, lasing without inversion, generating an ultrahigh index of refraction without absorption, propagation of light pulses without losses. In the last-named is given the title transparency. Up to now it is known some types of transparency in multi-level resonant media. One of them is electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The phenomenon of EIT in the propagation of laser radiation through an absorbing medium has been recently investigated and explained in terms of quantum coherence and interference for multi-level atomic system. For instance in the (Lambda) -system, if the atomic medium is prepared in a quantum superposition of states, matched pulses, i.e., a pair of optical pulses whose amplitude and phase have a well defined relation, propagate without absorption. The mechanism of coherent population trapping is responsible for EIT in a (Lambda) -system. There is another, well known mechanism for creating transparency in a two-state atom: self-induced transparency, or SIT. Here, a single pulse whose area (the integral of its Rabi frequency over time) is 2(pi) is applied to the medium. Such a pulse causes the atoms to cycle smoothly from the ground to the excited state and then back again. In principle, such a pulse can propagate over long distances. SIT can be generalized to multi-level systems and multiple quasi-monochromatic fields. Generalization of SIT in a (Lambda) -system was obtained in reference 2. In this report we present a new type of transparency (combined transparency). This type describes propagation of laser pulse through a (Lambda) -type medium where the initial atomic state is prepared in the form of spatially varying coherent superposition of low-energetic states (initial coherency gradient). The common envelope behaves as usual 2(pi) hyperbolic secant pulse, but the ratio between the components of frequencies transitions 1> yields 3> and 2> yields 3> changes due to coherent Raman scattering so (phi) equals atan(E1/E2) equals (pi) /2-Gz, where z is the coordinate, G is the constant determined by both the incident pulse parameters and the initial coherence between the atomic states. Our solution demonstrates a direct connection of EIT in adiabatic regime to the SIT effects. This type of a transparency is given the title screw-type transparency, because for the given form of incident pulse (pitch of screw) medium is transparent, if medium's the initial coherence gradient is correspondingly prepared (thread on a engine nut). Besides a transparency, this phenomenon contains a transformation of the incident pulse frequency during the process of the propagation. This property of the phenomena can be result in a complete conversion of the frequency.