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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Optical bistability of the nanoparticle surrounded by resonant atoms

G. N. Nikolaev

Published Apr 6, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Absorption of light by nanoparticle in the presence of resonant atom is theoretically investigated. Both the direct absorption of light by the nanoparticle and the absorption due to cascade energy transfer from light to the atom and then to the nanoparticle are taken into account. It is shown, that the cascade energy transfer is proportional to the imaginary part of the Green's photon function in this conditions. The Green's function is calculated in the quasi static approximation because of smallness both the size of the nanoparticle and the distance between it and the atom. The resonant atom is described in the generalized two-level model taking into account the direction of the atomic dipole moment. It is shown, that the light absorption by the nanoparticle can be increased by several orders because of presence of the atom. In the case when the nanoparticle is surrounded by collection of atoms it is found that the optical bistability is possible in this system. The range of parameters leading to the bistable behavior is found.

DOI
10.1117/12.740000

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Absorption of light by nanoparticle in the presence of resonant atom is theoretically investigated. Both the direct absorption of light by the nanoparticle and the absorption due to cascade energy transfer from light to the atom and then to the nanoparticle are taken into account. It is shown, that the cascade energy transfer is proportional to the imaginary part of the Green's photon function in this conditions. The Green's function is calculated in the quasi static approximation because of smallness both the size of the nanoparticle and the distance between it and the atom. The resonant atom is described in the generalized two-level model taking into account the direction of the atomic dipole moment. It is shown, that the light absorption by the nanoparticle can be increased by several orders because of presence of the atom. In the case when the nanoparticle is surrounded by collection of atoms it is found that the optical bistability is possible in this system. The range of parameters leading to the bistable behavior is found.
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Since the first observation of optical bistability in 1976 (1), a large number of investigations of this phenomenon have appeared in the literature (2). Of particular theoretical interest has been the bistable system composed of "two-level" atoms within an optical resonator. While the theory in this case is well-advanced, only recently have experimental results been obtained (3,4). The work that we report is for absorptive bistability with an intracavity medium that approximates a collection of two-level atoms.
To increase the optical nonlinearity effects in hybrid structures comprising a quantum dot and a nanoparticle, a quantum dot is taken as a three-level system. Under the dipole–dipole interactions between the quantum dot and the nanoparticle, the density matrix elements are derived within the rotating approximation. Under the quasi-static approximation by taking the nanoparticle polarization as a function of its geometry, the induced fields around the quantum dot in the presence of one/two nanoparticle(s) are obtained and the increasing factors of the local fields are calculated. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of quantum dot is achieved by using the perturbation expansion theory of density matrix for different geometries of the nanoparticle, and the effects of the structural parameters are investigated to optimize the nonlinear optical response of the system. It can be seen that the presence of two nanorods results in great optical nonlinearities in the hybrid structure, being suitable for on/off switches, quantum communication, and quantum computing applications.
We address a two-level system in an environment interacting with an electromagnetic field in the dipole approximation. The resonant optical bistability induced by local-field effects is studied by considering the relationship between the population difference and the excitation field. The diversity of various systems is included by accounting for system self-action via the surface part of Green's dyadic in the general form. The bistability condition and the exact solution of the steady-state optical Bloch equations at the absolute bistability threshold are derived analytically.